(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with a Summary, Lessons Learned, Chapter Problems, andCase Study section).

I. SETTING THE STAGE.

1. Quality Basics.

Defining Quality.

Ingredients for Success.

The Evolution of Quality.

Continuous Improvement.

Organizing for Quality.

Beyond Continuous Improvement.

2. Quality Advocates.

Quality Advocates.

3. Quality Improvement: Problem Solving.

Problem Solving.

Steps in Process Improvement.

Plan.

Do.

Study.

Act.

II. CONTROL CHARTS FOR VARIABLES.

4. Statistics.

Statistics.

Use of Statistics in Quality Assurance.

Populations Versus Samples.

Data Collection.

Measurements: Accuracy, Precision, and Measurement Error.

Data Analysis: Graphical.

Data Analysis: Analytical.

Central Limit Theorem.

Normal Frequency Distribution.

Confidence Intervals.

5. Variable Control Charts.

Control-Chart Functions.

Variation.

Control Charts for Variables.

6. Process Capability.

Individual Values Compared with Averages.

Estimation of Population Sigma from Sample Data.

Control Limits Versus Specification Limits.

The Six Sigma Spread Versus Specification Limits.

Calculating Process Capability Indices.

7. Other Variable Control Charts.

Individuals and Moving-Range Charts.

Moving-Average and Moving-Range Charts.

A Chart Plotting All Individual Values.

Median and Range Charts.

Run Charts.

A Chart for Variable Subgroup Size.

Precontrol Charts.

Short-Run Charts.

III. CONTROL CHARTS FOR ATTRIBUTES.

8. Probability.

Probability Theorems.

Permutations and Combinations.

Discrete Probability Distributions.

Continuous Probability Distribution.

Distribution Interrelationships and Approximations.

9. Quality Control Charts for Attributes.

Attributes.

Charts for Nonconforming Units.

Charts for Counts of Nonconformities.

IV. EXPANDING THE SCOPE OF QUALITY.

10. Reliability.

Reliability.

Reliability Programs.

Product Life Cycle Curve.

Measures of Reliability.

Reliability Engineers.

11. Advanced Topics in Quality.

Quality Function Deployment.

Design of Experiments.

12. Quality Costs.

What Are Quality Costs?

Defining Quality Costs.

Types of Quality Costs.

Quality-Cost Measurement System.

Utilizing Quality Costs for Decision Making.

13. Product Liability.

The Evolution of Product Liability.

Warrenties.

Liability Loss Control Programs.

Product Liability Suits.

Future Considerations.

14. Quality Systems: ISO 9000, Supplier Certification Requirements, the Malcolm Baldrige Award, and Six Sigma.

Quality Systems.

ISO 9000.

Supplier Certification Requirements: QS 9000 and TS 16949.

ISO 14000: Environmental Management.

Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.

Six Sigma.

15. Benchmarking and Auditing.

Benchmarking.

Auditing.

APPENDICES.

Appendix 1. Normal Curve Areas (Z < Z0).

Appendix 2. Factors for Computing Central Lines 3s Control Limits for X, s, and R Charts.

Appendix 3. t-distribution Values.

Appendix 4. Cumulative Binomial Probability Distribution.

Appendix 5. The Poisson Distribution.

Appendix 6. About PQ Systems.

Appendix 7. Student Version Software.

Appendix 8. Web Sites for Quality.

Glossary.

Answers to Selected Problems.

Bibliography.

Index.

LIST OF CASE STUDIES:

1.1 Quality Evolution: Where are They Now?

2.1 Quality and Ethics.

3.1 Problem Solving.

3.2 Process Improvement.

4.1 Statistics.

4.2 Process Improvement.

5.1 Quality Control for Variables.

5.2 Process Improvement.

5.3 Simple-Size Considerations.

6.1 Process Capability.

6.2 Process Improvement.

7.1 Precontrol.

7.2 Run Charts.

8.1 Probability.

8.2 Normal Probability Distribution.

9.1 Attribute Control Charts: np Charts.

9.2 Attribute Control Charts: u Charts.

10.1 Reliability: The Entire System.

10.2 Reliability.

11.1 Quality Function Deployment.

11.2 Design of Experiments: Airplane Experiment.

12.1 Costs of Quality.

12.2 Quality Costs.

13.1 Product Liability: Aircraft.

13.2 Product Liability: Tires.

14.1 Malcolm Baldrige Award Criteria.

15.1 Benchmarking.

15.2 Auditing.