List of MapsPrefaceA Brief Note on UsageAcknowledgementsPart I The Early Complex Societies, 3500 to 500 B.C.E.Chapter 1: BEFORE HISTORYThe Evolution of Homo SapiensThe Hominids/Homo SapiensPaleolithic SocietyEconomy and Society of Hunting and Gathering Peoples/Paleolithic CultureThe Neolithic Era and the Transition to AgricultureThe Origins of Agriculture/Early Agriculture Society/Neolithic Culture/The Origins of Urban LifeChapter 2: EARLY SOCIETIES IN SOUTHWEST ASIA AND THE INDO-EUROPEAN MIGRATIONSThe Quest for OrderMesopotamia: The Land Between the Rivers/The Course of Empire/The Later Mesopotamian EmpiresThe Formation of a Complex Society and Sophisticated Cultural TraditionsEconomic Specialization and Trade/The Emergence of a Stratified Patriarchal Society/The Development of Written Cultural TraditionsThe Broader Influence of Mesopotamian SocietyHebrews, Israelites, and Jews/The PhoeniciansThe Indo-European MigrationsIndo-European Origins/Indo-European Expansion and Its EffectsChapter 3: EARLY AFRICAN SOCIETIES AND THE BANTU MIGRATIONSEarly Agricultural Society in AfricaClimatic Change and the Development of Agriculture in Africa/Egypt and Nubia: Gifts of the Nile/The Unification of Egypt/Turmoil and EmpireThe Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural TraditionsThe Emergence of Cities and Stratified Societies/Economic Specialization and Trade/Early Writing in the Nile Valley/The Development of Organized Religious TraditionsBantu Migrations and Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan AfricaThe Dynamics of Bantu Expansion/Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan AfricaChapter 4: EARLY SOCIETIES IN SOUTH ASIAHarrapan SocietyFoundations of Harappan Society/Harappan Society and CultureThe Indo-European Migrations and Early Aryan IndiaThe Aryans and India/Origins of the Caste System/The Development of Patriarchal SocietyReligion in the Vedic AgeAryan Religion/The Blending of Aryan and Dravidian ValuesChapter 5: EARLY SOCIETY IN EAST ASIAPolitical Organization in Early ChinaEarly Agricultural Society and the Xia Dynasty/The Shang Dynasty/The Zhou DynastySociety and Family in Ancient ChinaThe Social Order/Family and PatriarchyEarly Chinese Writing and Cultural DevelopmentOracle Bones and Early Chinese Writing/Thought and Literature in Ancient ChinaAncient China and the Larger WorldChinese Cultivators and Nomadic Peoples of Central Asia/The Southern Expansion of Chinese SocietyChapter 6: EARLY SOCIETIES IN THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIAEarly Societies in MesoamericaThe Olmecs/Heirs of the Olmecs: The Maya/Maya Society and Religion/Heirs of the Olmecs: TeoihuacanEarly Societies of South AmericaEarly Andean Society and the Chavin Cult/Early Andean States: MochicaEarly Societies of OceaniaEarly Societies in Australia and New Guinea/The Peopling of the Pacific IslandsPART II: THE FORMATION OF CLASSICAL SOCIETIES, 500 B.C.E. TO 500 C.E.Chapter 7: THE EMPIRES OF PERSIAThe Rise and Fall of the Persian EmpiresThe Achaemenid Empire/Decline and Fall of the Achaemenid Empire/The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanid EmpiresImperial Society and EconomySocial Development in Classical Persia/Economic Foundations of Classical PersiaReligions of Salvation in Classical Persian SocietyZarathustra and His Faith/Religions of Salvation in a Cosmopolitan SocietyChapter 8: THE UNIFICATION OF CHINAIn Search of Political and Social OrderConfucius and His School/Daoism/LegalismThe Unification of ChinaThe Qin Dynasty/The Early Han DynastyFrom Economic Prosperity to Social DisorderProductivity and Prosperity during the Former Han/Economic and Social Difficulties/The Later Han DynastyChapter 9: STATE, SOCIETY, AND THE QUEST FOR SALVATION IN INDIAThe Fortunes of Empire in Classical IndiaThe Mauryan Dynasty and the Temporary Unification of India/The Emergence of Regional Kingdoms and the Revival of EmpireEconomic Development and Social DistinctionsTowns and Trade/Family Life and the Caste SystemReligions of Salvation in Classical IndiaJainism and the Challenge to the Established Cultural Order/Early Buddhism/Mahayana Buddhism/The Emergence of Popular HinduismChapter 10: MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY: THE GREEK PHASEEarly Development of Greek SocietyMinoan and Mycenaean Societies/The World of the PolisGreece and the Larger WorldGreek Colonization/Conflict with Persia and Its Results/The Macedonians and the Coming of Empire/The Hellenistic EmpiresThe Fruits of Trade: Greek Economy and SocietyTrade and the Integration of the Mediterranean Basin/Family and SocietyThe Cultural Life of Classical GreeceRational Thought and Philosophy/Popular Religion and Greek Drama/Hellenistic Philosophy and ReligionChapter 11: MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY: THE ROMAN PHASEFrom Kingdom to RepublicThe Etruscans and Rome/The Roman Republic and Its Constitution/The Expansion of the RepublicFrom Republic to EmpireImperial Expansion and Domestic Problems/The Foundation of Empire/Continuing Expansion and Integration of the EmpireEconomy and Society in the Roman MediterraneanTrade and Urbanization/Family and Society in Roman TimesThe Cosmopolitan MediterraneanGreek Philosophy and Religions of Salvation/Judaism and Early ChristianityChapter 12: CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGE ON THE SILK ROADSLong Distance Trade and the Silk Roads NetworkTrade Networks of the Hellenistic Era/The Silk RoadsCultural and Biological Exchanges Along the Silk RoadsThe Spread of Buddhism and Hinduism/The Spread of Christianity/The Spread of Manichaeism/The Spread of Epidemic DiseaseChina After the Han DynastyInternal Decay of the Han State/Cultural Change in Post-Han ChinaThe Fall of the Roman EmpireInternal Decay in the Roman Empire/Germanic Invasions and the Fall of the Western Roman Empire/Cultural Change in the Late Roman EmpirePART III: THE POST-CLASSICAL ERA, 500 TO 1000 C.E. Chapter 13: THE COMMONWEALTH OF BYZANTIUMThe Early Byzantine EmpireThe Later Roman Empire and Byzantium/Justinian and His Legacy/Islamic Conquests and Byzantine Revival/Byzantium and Western EuropeByzantine Economy and SocietyRural Economy and Society/Industry and Trade/Urban LifeClassical Heritage and Orthodox ChristianityThe Legacy of Classical Greece/The Byzantine Church/Monasticism and Popular Piety/Tensions between Eastern and Western ChristianityThe Influence of Byzantium in Eastern EuropeDomestic Problems and Foreign Pressures/Early Relations between Byzantium and Slavic Peoples/Byzantium and RussiaChapter 14: THE EXPANSIVE REALM OF ISLAMA Prophet and His WorldMuhammad and His Message/Muhammad's Migration to Medina/The Establishment of Islam in ArabiaThe Expansion of IslamThe Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty/The Abbasid DynastyEconomy and Society of the Early Islamic WorldNew Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and Urban Growth/The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone/The Changing Status of WomenIslamic Values and Cultural ExchangesThe Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition/Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia, India, and GreeceChapter 15: THE RESURGENCE OF EMPIRE IN EAST ASIAThe Restoration of Centralized Imperial Rule in ChinaThe Sui Dynasty/The Tang Dynasty/The Song DynastyThe Economic Development of Tang and Song ChinaAgricultural Development/Technological and Industrial Development/The Emergence of a Market Economy/The Establishment of Buddhism/Neo-ConfucianismChinese Influence in East AsiaKorea and Vietnam/Early Japan/Medieval JapanChapter 16: INDIA AND THE INDIAN OCEAN BASINIslamic and Hindu KingdomsThe Quest for Centralized Imperial Rule/The Introduction of Islam to Northern India/The Hindu Kingdoms of Southern IndiaProduction and Trade in the Indian Ocean BasinAgriculture in the Monsoon World/Trade and the Economic Development of Southern India/Cross-Cultural Trade in the Indian Ocean Basin/Caste and SocietyThe Meeting of Hindu and Islamic TraditionsThe Development of Hinduism/Islam and Its AppealThe Influence of Indian Society in Southeast AsiaThe States of Southeast Asia/The Arrival of IslamChapter 17: THE FOUNDATIONS OF CHRISTIAN SOCIETY IN WESTERN EUROPEThe Quest for Political OrderGermanic Successor States/The Franks and the Temporary Revival of Empire/Decline and Dissolution of the Carolingian Empire/The Establishment of Regional Authorities/Early Medieval Society/Organizing a Decentralized Society/Serfs and Manors/The Economy of EuropeThe Formation of Christian EuropeThe Politics of Conversion/The Papacy/MonasticismPART IV: AN AGE OF CROSS CULTURAL INTERACTION, 1000 TO 1500 C.E.Chapter 18: NOMADIC EMPIRES AND EURASION INTEGRATION Turkish Migrations and Imperial ExpansionNomadic Economy and Society/Turkish Empires in Persia, Anatolia, and IndiaThe Mongol EmpiresChinggis Khan and the Making of the Mongol Empire/The Mongol Empires after Chinggis Khan/The Mongols and Eurasion Integration/Decline of the Mongols in Persia and ChinaAfter the MongolsTamerlane the Whirlwind/The Foundation of the Ottoman EmpireChapter 19: STATES AND SOCIETIES OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAEffects of Early African MigrationsAgriculture and Population Growth/African Political OrganizationIslamic Kingdoms and EmpiresTrans-Saharan Trade and Islamic States in West Africa/The Indian Ocean Trade and Islamic States in East Africa/African Society and Cultural Development/Social Classes/African Religion/The Arrival of Christianity and IslamChapter 20: WESTERN EUROPE DURING THE HIGH MIDDLE AGESThe Establishment of Region al StatesThe Holy Roman Empire/Regional Monarchies in France and England/Regional States in Italy and IberiaEconomic Growth and Social DevelopmentGrowth of the Agricultural Economy/The Revival of Towns and Trade/Social ChangeEuropean Christianity During the High Middle AgesSchools, Universities, and Scholastic Theology/Popular Religion/Reform Movements and Popular HeresiesThe Medieval Expansion of EuropeAtlantic and Baltic Colonization/The Reconquest of Sicily and Spain/The CrusadesChapter 21: WORLDS APART: THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIAStates and Empires in Mesoamerica and North AmericaThe Toltecs and the Mexica/Mexica Society/Mexica Religion/Peoples and Societies of the NorthStates and Empires in South AmericaThe Coming of the Incas/Inca Society and ReligionThe Societies of OceaniaThe Nomadic Foragers of Australia/The Development of Pacific Island SocietiesChapter 22: REACHING OUT: CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTIONS Long-Distance Trade and TravelPatterns of Long-Distance Trade/Political and Diplomatic Travel/Missionary Campaigns/Long-Distance Travel and Cross-Cultural ExchangesCrisis and RecoveryBubonic Plague/Recovery in China: The Ming Dynasty/Recovery in Western Europe: State Building/Recovery in Western Europe: The RenaissanceExploration and ColonizationThe Chinese Reconnaissance of the Indian Ocean Basin/European Exploration in the Atlantic and Indian OceansPART V: THE ORIGINS OF GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE, 1500-1800Chapter 23:TRANSOCEANIC ENCOUNTERS AND GLOBAL CONNECTIONSThe European Reconnaissance of the World's Oceans Motives for Exploration/The Technology of Exploration/Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic/Voyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to the PacificTrade and Conflict in Early Modern AsiaTrading-Post Empires/European Conquests in Southeast Asia/Commercial Rivalries and the Seven Years' WarGlobal ExchangesThe Columbian Exchange/The Origins of Global TradeChapter 24: THE TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPEThe Fragmentation of Western ChristendomThe Protestant Reformation/The Catholic Reformation/Witch-Hunts and Religious WarsThe Consolidation of Sovereign StatesThe Attempted Revival of Empire/The New Monarchs/Constitutional States and Absolute Monarchies/The European States SystemEarly Capitalist SocietyPopulation Growth and Urbanization/Early Capitalism and Protoindustrialization/Social Change in Early Modern EuropeScience and EnlightenmentThe Reconception of the Universe/The Scientific Revolution/The EnlightenmentChapter 25: NEW WORLDS: THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIAColliding WorldsThe Spanish Caribbean/The Conquest of Mexico and Peru/Iberian Empires in the Americas/Settler Colonies in North AmericaColonial Society in the AmericasThe Formation of Multicultural Societies/Mining and Agricultural in the Spanish Empire/Sugar and Slavery in Portuguese Brazil/Fur Traders and Settlers in North America/Christianity and Native Religions in the AmericasEuropeans in the PacificAustralia and the Larger World/The Pacific Islands and the Larger WorldChapter 26: AFRICA AND THE ATLANTIC WORLDAfrican Politics and Society in Early Modern TimesThe States of West Africa and East Africa/The Kingdoms of Central Africa and South Africa/Islam and Christianity in Early Modern Africa/Social Change in Early Modern AfricaThe Atlantic Slave TradeFoundations of the Slave Trade/Human Cargoes/The Impact of the Slave Trade in AfricaThe African DiasporaPlantation Societies/The Making of African-American Cultural Traditions/The End of the Slave Trade and the Abolition of SlaveryChapter 27: TRADITION AND CHANGE IN EAST ASIAThe Quest for Political StabilityThe Ming Dynasty/The Qing Dynasty/The Son of Heaven and the Scholar BureaucratsEconomic and Social ChangesThe Patriarchal Family /Population Growth and Economic Development/Gentry, Commoners, Soldiers, and Mean PeopleThe Confucian Tradition and New Cultural InfluencesNeo-Confucianism and Pulp Fiction/The Return of Christianity in ChinaThe Unification of JapanThe Tokugawa Shogunate/Economic and Social Change/Neo-Confucianism and Floating Worlds/Christianity and Dutch LearningChapter 28: THE ISLAMIC EMPIRESFormation of the Islamic EmpiresThe Ottoman Empire /The Safavid Empire/The Mughal EmpireImperial Islamic SocietyThe Dynastic State/Agriculture and Trade/Religious Affairs in the Islamic Empires/Cultural Patronage of the Islamic EmperorsThe Empires in TransitionThe Deterioration of Imperial Leadership/Economic and Military Decline/Cultural InsularityChapter 29: THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN EUROPE AND ASIAFoundations of the Absolutist StateThe Gathering of the Russian Land/The Time of Troubles/Westernization and Empires/A Window on the West/The Limits of Westernization/The Russian Empire in Europe/The Russian Empire in AsiaA Society in Tension Muscovite Society before Westernization/The Growth of Trade and IndustryCultural ClashesCrisis in the Church/Westernization and the Enlightenment in RussiaPart VI: AN AGE OF REVOLUTION, INDUSTRY AND EMPIRE, 1750-1914Chapter 30: REVOLUTIONS AND NATIONAL STATES IN THE ATLANTIC WORLDPopular Sovereignty and Political UpheavalEnlightened and Revolutionary Ideas/The American Revolution/The French Revolution/The Reign of NapoleonThe Influence of RevolutionThe Haitian Revolution/Wars of Independence in Latin America/The Emergence of Ideologies: Conservatism and Liberalism/Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Slavery/Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Women's RightsThe Consolidation of National States in EuropeNations and Nationalism/The Emergence of National Communities/The Unification of Italy and GermanyChapter 31: THE MAKING OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETYPatterns of IndustrializationFoundations of Industrialization/The Factory System/The Early Spread of Industrialization/Industrial CapitalismIndustrial SocietyThe Fruits of Industry/Urbanization and Migration/Industry and Society/The Socialist ChallengeGlobal Effects of IndustrializationThe Continuing Spread of Industrialization/The International Division of LaborChapter 32: THE AMERICAS IN THE AGE OF INDEPENDENCEThe Building of American StatesThe United States: Westward Expansion and Civil War/The Canadian Dominion: Independence Without War/Latin America: Fragmentation and Political ExperimentationAmerican Economic DevelopmentMigration to the Americas/Economic Expansion in the United States/Canadian Prosperity/Latin American DependenceAmerican Cultural and Social DiversityMulticultural Society in the United States/Canadian Cultural Contrasts/Ethnicity, Identity, and Gender in Latin AmericaChapter 33: SOCIETIES AT CROSSROADSThe Ottoman Empire in DeclineThe Nature of Decline/Reform and Reorganization/The Young Turk EraThe Russian Empire Under PressureMilitary Defeat and Social Reform/Industrialization/Repression and RevolutionThe Chinese Empire Under SiegeThe Opium War and the Unequal Treaties/The Taiping Rebellion/Reform Frustrated/The Transformation of Japan/From Tokugawa to Meiji/Meiji ReformsChapter 34: THE BUILDING OF GLOBAL EMPIRESFoundations of EmpireMotives of Imperialism/Tools of EmpireEuropean ImperialismThe British Empire in India/Imperialism in Central Asia and Southeast Asia/The Scramble for Africa/European Imperialism in the Pacific The Emergence of New Imperial PowersU.S. Imperialism in Latin America and the Pacific/Imperial JapanLegacies of ImperialismEmpire and Economy/Labor Migrations/Empire and Society/Nationalism and Anticolonial MovementsPART VII: CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL REALIGNMENTSChapter 35: THE GREAT WAR: THE WORLD IN UPHEAVALThe Drift Toward WarNationalist Aspirations/National Rivalries/Understandings and AlliancesGlobal WarThe Guns of August/Mutual Butchery/Total War: The Home Front/Conflict in East Asia and the Pacific/Battles in Africa and Southwest AsiaThe End of the WarRevolution in Russia/U.S. Intervention and Collapse of the Central Powers/The Paris Peace Conference/Challenges to European PreeminenceChapter 36: AN AGE OF ANXIETYProbing Cultural FrontiersPostwar Pessimism/Revolutions in Physics and Psychology/Experimentation in Art and ArchitectureGlobal DepressionThe Great Depression/Despair and Government Action/Economic ExperimentationChallenges to the Liberal OrderCommunism in Russia/The Fascist Alternative/Italian Fascism/German National Socialism/Struggles for National Identity in Asia/India's Quest for Independence/China's Search for Order/Imperial JapanChapter 37: NEW CONFLAGRATIONS: WORLD WAR IIOrigins of World War IIJapan's War in China/European AggressionTotal War: The World Under FireBlitzkrieg: Germany Conquers Europe/The German Invasion of the Soviet Union/Battles in Asia and the Pacific/Defeat of the Axis PowersLife During WartimeOccupation, Collaboration, and Resistance/The Holocaust/Women and the WarNeither Peace Nor WarPostwar Settlements and Cold War/Global Reconstruction and the United NationsChapter 38: THE BIPOLAR WORLDThe Formation of a Bipolar WorldThe Cold War in Europe/Confrontations in Korea and Cuba/Cold War Societies/Challenges to Superpower Hegemony/The People's Republic of China/Detente and the Decline of Superpower InfluenceThe End of the Cold WarRevolutions in Eastern and Central Europe/The Collapse of the Soviet Union/Toward an Uncertain FutureChapter 39: THE RETREAT FROM EMPIREIndependence in AsiaIndia's Vivisection: Partitioned Independence/Nationalist Struggles in Vietnam/Arab National States and the Problem of PalestineDecolonization in AfricaForcing t he French out of North Africa/Black African Nationalism and Independence/Freedom and Conflict in Sub-Saharan AfricaAfter Independence: Long-term Struggles in the Post-Colonial EraCommunism and Democracy in Asia/Islamic Resurgence in Southwest Asia and North Africa/Politics and Economics in Latin America/War and Peace in Sub-Saharan AfricaChapter 40: A WORLD WITHOUT BORDERSEconomic Growth in Asia/Trading BlocksCross-Cultural Exchanges and Global CommunicationsGlobal Barbie/Consumption and Cultural Interaction/The Age of AccessGlobal ProblemsPopulation Pressures and Environmental Degradation/Economic Inequities and Labor Servitude/Global Diseases/International OrganizationsCrossing BoundariesWomen's Traditions and Feminist Challenges/Migration/Cross-Cultural Travelers
