About the authors
Preface
Brief Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Curriculum in a New Global Age 1
Defining Curriculum
Structure and Principles in Curriculum Development
History and Curriculum: Three Eras
Global Reflections
Foundations of Curriculum Planning
A New Age of Curriculum
Old Issues, New Impediments
Summary
Additional Reading
Chapter 2 Philosophy and Curriculum Design 60
A search for a Philosophic Attitude
Critical Questions to be Answered
The Struggle to Be a Decisive Leader
Determinants of an Educational Philosophy
Five Educational Philosophies
Philosophy Preference Assessment
Philosophies as Found in Schools
The Learning Environment
School Philosophy and Curriculum Design
Summary
Additional Reading
Chapter 3 Managing Curriculum Development 107
Establishing the Philosophy
Formulating Goals
Classifying Goals and Objectives
Using Objectives to Order Learning
Specifying Behavioral Objectives
Assessing needs: Focusing for Results
How Districts Improve Programs
Comprehensive Planning
Curriculum Management Plans
Criteria for Evaluating Instructional Programs
Assessing Educational Research
Summary
Additional Reading
Chapter 4 Standards-Based Curriculum 150
Origin of Standards
Previous Reform Efforts
The Latest Reforms
Standards-Based Education
How Standards Work in Schools
Managing Standards-Based Programs
The Role of Technology
Re-Balancing Standards-Based Curriculums
A Warning
Summary
Additional Reading
Chapter 5 Curriculum Development in the Classroom 217
The Traditional Relationship
Two Levels of Classroom Planning
Choices: Learning Theory
Teaching With a Cognitive Focus
Interaction Patterns in the Classroom
Collaborative Leadership in Curriculum
Teachers as Leaders
Providing Leadership: Specific Activities
Summary
Additional Reading
Chapter 6 Elementary School Programs and Issues 242
The Pre-K-5 Elementary School Program
Basis of the Elementary School Program
Organizing the Curriculum
Selection of Content
Determining Appropriate Elementary School Curriculum Content
Diverse Needs of Children
Educating Children With Disabilities in a Regular Classroom
Inclusion: What Does it Mean?
Gifted Students
Other Students With Needs
Learning Styles and Systems
Organization and Grouping in the Elementary School
Summary
Additional reading
Chapter 7 Middle School Programs and Issues 292
The Middle School: A Historical Perspective
Functions of the Middle School
Establishing an Identity for the Middle School
The Middle School Student
The Middle School Teacher
Managing Middle School Programs
Organizing for Instruction in the Middle School
Comprehensive Planning for Middle Schools: A Review
Role of technology
Evaluating the Middle School
New Standards for the Middle School
The Middle School as a Part of the Total Curriculum
Summary
Additional Reading
Chapter 8 Secondary school Programs and Issues 348
Historical Development of the Secondary School
Reform Movements in Secondary Education
Recent Changes in the Secondary School
The Changing Curriculum of the Secondary School
Organizational Practices in the Secondary School
Professional Visions for the Secondary School
A Changing Country in a Changing World
Improving Teacher Quality
A Closing Note
Summary
Additional Reading
Chapter 9 Global Perspectives of Curriculum 392
Nations at Work
The Many Faces of Curriculum Development
Extrapolation to Local Conditions
Summary
Additional Reading
Chapter 10 Technology, Curriculum, and the Future 420
Understanding and Responding
Getting Started
What Our Schools Are Doing
Projections
Decline, Attack, Defection
Home Schooling
How Public Education is Responding
Putting It All in Perspective
Traditional Views of Education
Radical and Postmodern Views of Education
Summary
Additional Reading
Resources
Resource A- Applications and Activities 472
Resource B- Partial List of Organizations and Associations 488
Affecting United States Education
Glossary 501
References 516
