Contents
General Editors' Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Section I Key concepts
1 The emergence of CALL
1.1 A broad discipline
1.2 Technology driving CALL
1.3 The changing focus of research in CALL
Summary
2 A brief history of CALL
2.1 CALL in the 1950s and 1960s
2.2 Simulations
2.3 CALL in the 1970s and 1980s
2.4 CALL in the 1990s
2.5 CALL in the 21st Century
Summary
3 Hypertext, hypermedia and multimedia
3.1 Hypertext
3.2 Hypermedia
3.3 Multimedia
3.4 Antecedents of multimedia
3.5 Science fiction and CALL
3.6 The printed book and CALL
3.7 Applications to general learning
3.8 Applications of multimedia to language learning
Summary
4 Eight CALL applications
4.1 Word processing
4.2 Games
4.3 Literature
4.4 Corpus linguistics
4.5 Computer-mediated communication
4.6 WWW resources
4.7 Adapting other materials for CALL
4.8 Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and Mobile Telephones
Summary
Section II The place of CALL in research and teaching
5 Second-language Acquisition and models of instruction
5.1 Concepts in SLA, behaviourism and constructivism
5.2 Comprehensible input and output
5.3 Behaviourist models of instruction
5.4 Constructivism
Summary
6 Collaboration and negotiation of meaning
6.1 The place of collaboration in CALL
6.2 Structuring collaboration
6.3 Differences between collaboration and other terms
6.4 The range of collaboration and CALL
6.5 Collaboration at the computer
6.6 Benefits of collaborative learning at the computer
6.7 Collaboration, CALL and SLA
6.8 Collaboration at the computer as evidenced by discourse
6.9 Challenges to collaboration
6.10 Challenges to collaboration in a CALL context
6.11 Discourse that evidences challenges to collaboration
Summary
7 Defining a model of CALL
7.1 Defining a model
7.2 The need for a CALL model
7.3 A model of current non-CALL language learning
7.4 Dunkin and Biddle's model in a CALL context
7.5 Various views of CALL
7.6 Teacher and pupil classroom behavior: activities used in CALL
7.7 A virtual classroom
7.8 Aspects of a CALL model
Summary
8 Theoretical and pedagogical concerns
8.1 Concerns for software development
8.2 Pedagogical concerns for classroom practice
8.3 &uating software
8.4 Learning and working styles
8.5 Evolving technology
8.6 Commercial software
8.7 Making better use of existing materials
8.8 Copyright and plagiarism
8.9 Viruses
8.10 Safety online
8.11 Technological have-nots
Summary
Section III Researching CALL
9 Current research interests
9.1 A new field: reporting CALL research
9.2 Approaches to research in CALL
9.3 The computer as a tool of research
9.4 The role of commercial publishers
9.5 Reviewing current studies: a survey
9.6 Conducting research
9.7 Action research
Summary
10 Research
10.1 Research context 1: The literature review
10.2 Research context 2: A pilot study
10.3 Research context 3: Corpus linguistics
10.4 Research context 4: Error analysis
10.5 Research context 5: The experiment
10.6 Research context 6: A case study
10.7 Research context 7: The survey
10.8 Research context 8: The ethnographic approach
Conclusion
Section IV Resources
Glossary of key terms
References
Index
