In this issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics, guest editors Drs. Lana Y. Schumacher and David C. Griffin bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Controversies in Thoracic Surgery. Top experts in the field discuss how best to incorporate novel immunotherapy agents in the treatment of common thoracic malignancies; best practices for metastasectomy; endoscopic advances in the treatment of benign esophageal disease such as reflux and achalasia; pulmonary resection versus radiotherapy for early-stage lung cancer in high-risk patients; and more. Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including tracheobronchoplasty indications and best approaches; current management of stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (N2); achalasia: surgery versus POEM; esophageal perforation: is surgery still necessary?; GERD in 2023: when to operate and current endoscopic options for antireflux therapy; current treatment of thymoma; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on controversies in thoracic surgery, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.