*=New to this Edition Chapters 3-10 include an Applying Major Theories section. Chapters 3-11 include Cases for Evaluation. Each chapter includes Key Terms, a Summary, Further Reading, and Notes. Preface: PART 1. PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES CHAPTER 1. MORAL REASONING IN BIOETHICS Ethics and Bioethics Ethics and the Moral Life In Depth: Morality and the Law: Moral Principles in Bioethics Autonomy: * Nonmaleficence: Beneficence: Utility: Justice: Ethical Relativism In Depth: Anthropology and Moral Diversity: Ethics and Religion Moral Arguments Argument Fundamentals: Patterns of Moral Arguments: Review: Valid and Invalid Argument Forms: In Depth: Fallacies in Moral Reasoning: Evaluating Premises: Assessing Whole Arguments: CHAPTER 2. BIOETHICS AND MORAL THEORIES The Nature of Moral Theories Influential Moral Theories Utilitarianism: In Depth: Utilitarianism and the Golden Rule: Kantian Ethics: Natural Law Theory: Rawls' Contract Theory: Virtue Ethics: The Ethics of Care: In Depth: Can Virtue Be Taught?: Feminist Ethics: * Casuistry: Criteria for Judging Moral Theories Review: Evaluating Moral Theories: Criteria of Adequacy: Applying the Criteria Utilitarianism: Kant's Theory: READINGS: Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill The Moral Law, Immanuel Kant Virtue and the Moral Life, Bernard Mayo The Ethics of Care, Virginia Held * Moral Saints, Susan Wolf PART 2. MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL AND PATIENT CHAPTER 3. PATERNALISM AND PATIENT AUTONOMY Shades of Autonomy and Paternalism Refusing Treatment In Depth: The Hippocratic Oath: * In Depth: Physician Autonomy: Futile Treatment Legal Brief: Refusing Treatment for Children on Religious Grounds: In Depth: CPR and DNR: In Depth: Moral Conflicts in Nursing: Classic Case File: Elizabeth Bouvia READINGS: Paternalism, Gerald Dworkin The Refutation of Medical Paternalism, Alan Goldman Why Doctors Should Intervene, Terrence F. Ackerman Autonomy, Futility, and the Limits of Medicine, Robert L. Schwartz * Patient Autonomy and Physician Responsibility, with Commentaries by Patrick C. Beeman and Ryan C. VanWoerkom Journal of Ethics Bouvia v. Superior Court, California Court of Appeals Fundamental Elements of the Patient-Physician Relationship, AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs In Defense of the Traditional Nurse, Lisa H. Newton Advocacy or Subservience for the Sake of Patients? Helga Kuhse CHAPTER 4. TRUTH-TELLING AND CONFIDENTIALITY Paternalism and Deception In Depth: Do Patients Want the Truth? Do Physicians Tell It?: Confidential Truths Legal Brief: Confidentiality and a Duty to Warn: * In Depth: Truth-Telling and Cultural Diversity: Classic Case File: Carlos R. READINGS: Telling the Truth to Patients: A Clinical Ethics Exploration, David C. Thomasma On Telling Patients the Truth, Mack Lipkin * Is It Ever Okay to Lie to Patients? Shelly K. Schwartz Respect for Patients, Physicians, and the Truth, Susan Cullen and Margaret Klein Why Privacy Is Important, James Rachels Confidentiality in Medicine--A Decrepit Concept, Mark Siegler Ethical Relativism in a Multicultural Society, Ruth Macklin Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, Supreme Court of California CHAPTER 5. INFORMED CONSENT Autonomy and Consent Conditions of Informed Consent * In Depth: Decision-Making Capacity: In Depth: Two Views of Informed Consent: Legal Brief: Important Informed Consent Cases: Classic Case File: Jerry Canterbury READINGS: The Concept of Informed Consent, Ruth R. Faden and Tom L. Beauchamp Informed Consent--Must It Remain a Fairy Tale? Jay Katz Transparency: Informed Consent in Primary Care, Howard Brody Informed Consent: Some Challenges to the Universal Validity of the Western Model, Robert J. Levine Canterbury v. Spence, United States Court of Appeals CHAPTER 6. HUMAN RESEARCH The Science of Clinical Trials In Depth: The Tuskegee Tragedy: Beneficence, Science, and Placebos Science and Informed Consent In Depth: Women in Clinical Trials: Research on the Vulnerable In Depth: Why Enter a Clinical Trial?: Classic Case File: The UCLA Schizophrenia Study READINGS: The Nuremberg Code: Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, World Medical Association The Belmont Report, The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Final Report: Human Radiation Experiments, Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Of Mice but Not Men: Problems of the Randomized Clinical Trial, Samuel Hellman and Deborah S. Hellman A Response to a Purported Ethical Difficulty with Randomized Clinical Trials Involving Cancer Patients, Benjamin Freedman How to Resolve an Ethical Dilemma Concerning Randomized Clinical Trials, Don Marquis Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Allan M. Brandt The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World, Marcia Angell Ethical Issues in Clinical Trials in Developing Countries, Baruch Brody PART 3. LIFE AND DEATH CHAPTER 7. ABORTION Starting Point: The Basics Fact File: U.S. Abortions: In Depth: Abortion and Public Opinion: The Legal Struggle In Depth: Late-Term Abortion: Persons and Rights * In Depth: Does a Fetus Feel Pain?: Classic Case File: Nancy Klein READINGS: A Defense of Abortion, Judith Jarvis Thomson Why Abortion Is Immoral, Don Marquis An Almost Absolute Value in History, John T. Noonan, Jr. On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion, Mary Anne Warren * Virtue Theory and Abortion, Rosalind Hursthouse Abortion and the Concept of a Person, Jane English * Abortion, Margaret Olivia Little Abortion Through a Feminist Ethics Lens, Susan Sherwin Roe v. Wade, United States Supreme Court Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, United States Supreme Court CHAPTER 8. REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY In Vitro Fertilization Fact File: Assisted Reproduction: Surrogacy In Depth: IVF and Children's Future Children: Cloning In Depth: Cloning Time Line: * In Depth: Sherri Shepherd: How Surrogacy Can Go Wrong: Classic Case File: Baby M READINGS: IVF: The Simple Case, Peter Singer IVF and Women's Interests: An Analysis of Feminist Concerns, Mary Anne Warren 'Give Me Children or I Shall Die!' New Reproductive Technologies and Harm to Children, Cynthia B. Cohen Instruction on Respect for Human Life in Its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation, Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith The Presumptive Primacy of Procreative Liberty, John A. Robertson Surrogate Mothering: Exploitation or Empowerment? Laura M. Purdy Is Women's Labor a Commodity? Elizabeth S. Anderson * Egg Donation and Commodification, Bonnie Steinbock The Wisdom of Repugnance, Leon R. Kass Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of the Ethical Issues Pro and Con, Dan W. Brock Opinion in the Matter of Baby M, New Jersey Supreme Court CHAPTER 9. GENETIC CHOICES Genes and Genomes Genetic Testing In Depth: Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests: Gene Therapy Fact File: Available Genetic Tests for Cancer Risk: Fact File: Recent Research in Gene Therapy: Stem Cells Classic Case File: The Kingsburys READINGS: Implications of Prenatal Diagnosis for the Human Right to Life, Leon R. Kass Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children Be Immoral? Laura M. Purdy The Morality of Screening for Disability, Jeff McMahan Genetic Dilemmas and the Child's Right to an Open Future, Dena S. Davis Disowning Knowledge: Issues in Genetic Testing, Robert Wachbroit The Non-Identity Problem and Genetic Harms--The Case of Wrongful Handicaps, Dan W. Brock Is Gene Therapy a Form of Eugenics?, John Harris Genetic Enhancement, Walter Glannon * Genetic Interventions and the Ethics of Enhancement of Human Beings, Julian Savulescu Germ-Line Gene Therapy, LeRoy Walters and Julie Gage Palmer What Does 'Respect for Embryos' Mean in the Context of Stem Cell Research?, Bonnie Steinbock Declaration on the Production and the Scientific and Therapeutic Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Pontifical Academy for Life CHAPTER 10. EUTHANASIA AND PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE Deciding Life and Death Legal Brief: Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: Major Developments: In Depth: Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide: What Do Doctors Think?: Autonomy, Mercy, and Harm In Depth: Oregon's Death With Dignity Act: In Depth: Physician-Assisted Suicide and Public Opinion: Classic Case File: Nancy Cruzan READINGS: Death and Dignity: A Case of Individualized Decision Making, Timothy E. Quill Voluntary Active Euthanasia, Dan W. Brock When Self-Determination Runs Amok, Daniel Callahan Physician-Assisted Suicide: A Tragic View, John D. Arras Active and Passive Euthanasia, James Rachels * Dying at the Right Time: Reflections on (Un)Assisted Suicide, John Hardwig The Philosophers' Brief, Ronald Dworkin, Thomas Nagel, Robert Nozick, John Rawls, Thomas Scanlon, and Judith Jarvis Thomson * An Alternative to Brain Death, Jeff McMahan Vacco v. Quill, U.S. Supreme Court Washington v. Glucksberg, United States Supreme Court PART 4. JUSTICE AND HEALTH CARE CHAPTER 11. DIVIDING UP HEALTH CARE RESOURCES Health Care in Trouble In Depth: Unequal Health Care for Minorities: Fact File: U.S. Health Care: Theories of Justice In Depth: Public Opinion: Obtaining Adequate Heath Care: A Right to Health Care * In Depth: Public Health and Bioethics: The Ethics of Rationing Classic Case File: Christine deMeurers READINGS: Is There a Right to Health Care and, if So, What Does It Encompass?, Norman Daniels The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care, Allen E. Buchanan Rights to Health Care, Social Justice, and Fairness in Health Care Allocations: Frustrations in the Face of Finitude, H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. Health Care Reform: Lessons from Canada, Raisa Berlin Deber The Allocation of Exotic Medical Lifesaving Therapy, Nicholas Rescher QALYfying the Value of Life, John Harris * Public Health Ethics: Mapping the Terrian, James F. Childress et al. * Human Rights Approach to Public Health Policy, D. Tarantola and S. Gruskin Appendix: Index:
