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Living Philosophy Lewis Vaughn

Living Philosophy By Lewis Vaughn

Living Philosophy by Lewis Vaughn


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Living Philosophy Summary

Living Philosophy: A Historical Introduction to Philosophical Ideas by Lewis Vaughn

Living Philosophy, Second Edition, is a historically organized, introductory hybrid text/reader that guides students through the story of philosophical thought from the Pre-Socratics to the present, providing cultural and intellectual background and explaining why key issues and arguments remain important and relevant today. Women philosophers are well represented throughout the text. They include Mary Wollstonecraft, Simone de Beauvoir, Helene Cixous, Martha Nussbaum, Alison Jaggar, Annette Baier, Virginia Held, and many more. Non-Western philosophers are also included: Avicenna, Averroes, Maimonides, Buddha, Lao-Tzu, and Confucius. Featuring an exceptionally clear and accessible writing style, this unique volume brings philosophy to life with well-chosen excerpts from philosophers' works, abundant in-text learning aids, and compelling color photos and illustrations. FEATURES * A comprehensive introductory chapter lays the groundwork for philosophical thinking * Then and Now, Details, and Portrait boxes throughout the text demonstrate the value and relevance of philosophy * Additional pedagogical aids--chapter objectives and summaries, marginal critical thinking questions, essay/discussion questions, and a glossary--make the material even more engaging and accessible * In-depth coverage of philosophical writing includes step-by-step coaching in argument basics and multiple opportunities to hone critical thinking skills * Charts, tables, and color photos keep students visually engaged * A How to Write a Philosophy Paper appendix offers concise, step-by-step guidance in crafting an effective philosophical essay

Living Philosophy Reviews

Vaughn writes very clearly and has an extraordinary ability to engage readers.--Klaus Ladstaetter, Washburn University Part of what I like about Living Philosophy is the length of the chapters. Each one engages the traditional history of each topic, and then takes time to explore and explicate contemporary applications. The inclusion of rich photographs, art, and visuals makes the content come to life for students.--Mary Angelec Cooksey, Indiana University East I deeply appreciate the effort made to change the canon to include the important women and people of other cultures who have contributed to the discipline!--Stephanie Semler, Northern Virginia Community College

About Lewis Vaughn

Lewis Vaughn is the author or coauthor of numerous books, including Philosophy: The Quest for Truth, Tenth Edition (2016), Bioethics, Third Edition (2016), The Power of Critical Thinking, Fifth Edition (2015), and Philosophy Here and Now, Second Edition (2015), all published by Oxford University Press.

Table of Contents

*=New to this Edition Each chapter ends with Writing and Reasoning, Review Notes, Key Terms, Notes, and For Further Reading. Preface: CHAPTER 1. WHY PHILOSOPHY 1.1 Philosophy: The Quest for Understanding The Good of Philosophy Philosophical Terrain Details: Your Philosophical Beliefs: Details: Main Divisions of Philosophy: 1.2 Socrates and the Examined Life Portrait: Plato: Then and Now: Socrates Cafe: 1.3 Thinking Philosophically Reasons and Arguments Details: Valid and Invalid Argument Forms: Reading Philosophy Portrait: Hypatia: Fallacious Reasoning CHAPTER 2. THE PRE-SOCRATICS AND THE SOPHISTS 2.1 Thales and Anaximander 2.2 Heraclitus Then and Now: The (Ancient) Theory of Evolution: Portrait: Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: 2.3 Parmenides Details: Zeno's Paradoxes: 2.4 Democritus 2.5 Protagoras and the Sophists Then and Now: Moral Relativism and Tolerance: Readings Aristotle: Metaphysics Aristotle: On the Heavens Heraclitus: Fragment Parmenides: On Nature Plato: Theaetetus CHAPTER 3. SOCRATES: AN EXAMINED LIFE 3.1 The Philosophical Gadfly 3.2 The Socratic Method Portrait: Early Women Philosophers: Themistoclea, Arignote, and Theano: 3.3 Knowledge and Ignorance Details: Socrates in the Clouds: 3.4 Socrates' Trial and Death Details: Socrates' Last Minutes: Then and Now: Your Examined/Unexamined Life: Readings Xenophon: Symposium Plato: Symposium Plato: The Republic Plato: Apology CHAPTER 4. PLATO: THE REALLY REAL 4.1 Plato's Life and Times Portrait: Diotima of Mantinea: 4.2 Knowledge and Reality Believing and Knowing Reason and the Forms Details: Critiques of the Forms: Plato's Rationalism Then and Now: Modern Platonism: 4.3 Allegory of the Cave 4.4 Immortality, Morality, and the Soul The Immortal Soul The Three-Part Soul The Moral Soul Details: The Ring of Gyges: 4.5 The Individual and the State Readings Plato: Meno Plato: Phaedo Plato: The Republic G.M.A. Grube: Plato's Thought Julia Annas: An Introduction to Plato's Republic CHAPTER 5. ARISTOTLE: REASON AND NATURE 5.1 The Life of Aristotle Portrait: Aristotle and Alexander: 5.2 Logic, Knowledge, and Truth Then and Now: Aristotle and Modern Science: 5.3 Physics and Metaphysics Substance Change Cause Purpose Details: Aristotle's God: 5.4 Happiness, Virtue, and the Good Details: Aristotle's Soul: Readings J.L. Ackrill, Aristotle the Philosopher Diogenes Laertius: Lives of the Philosophers Anthony Gottlieb: The Dream of Reason: A History of Philosophy from the Greeks to the Renaissance Aristotle: Metaphysics Aristotle: Posterior Analytics Aristotle: Physics Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics CHAPTER 6. EASTERN THOUGHT 6.1 Hinduism Beginnings The Vedas Then and Now: The Caste System: After the Vedas Hindu Philosophies Details: Hinduism and Modernity: 6.2 Buddhism Buddhist Complexities The Buddha's Teachings Portrait: The Buddha: * Then and Now: Buddhism and Science: Details: Buddhism and Violence: 6.3 Daoism 6.4 Confucianism Details: The Confucian Canon: Readings Kalama Sutra: Ajahn Sumedho: Dhammacakapparattana Sutta: Walpola Rahula: What the Buddha Thought The Chuang Tzu Tao-te Ching: Analects: John B. Noss: A History of the World's Religions CHAPTER 7. THE HELLENISTIC ERA 7.1 Epicurus 7.2 Epictetus Portrait: Lucretius: 7.3 Sextus Empiricus Then and Now: Stoicism Today: Details: The Self-Destruction of Skepticism: Readings Epicurus: Letter to Menoeceus A.A. Long: Hellenistic Philosophers: Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics Epictetus: Encheiridion Sextus Empiricus: Outlines of Pyrrhonism CHAPTER 8. THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD 8.1 Between Ancient and Modern 8.2 Augustine Truth The Hierarchy of Being Good and Evil 8.3 Anselm and Aquinas Anselm Aquinas Details: Science and the Uncaused Universe: 8.4 Avicenna and Maimonides Avicenna Maimonides Portrait: Averroes: 8.5 Hildegard of Bingen 8.6 William of Ockham Then and Now: Modern Realism about Universals: Readings Augustine: Confessions Augustine: On Free Will Anselm: Proslogium Immanuel Kant: Critique of Pure Reason Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologica Hildegard: Causae et Curae Frederick Copleston: A History of Philosophy, Volume II: Medieval Philosophy: From Augustine to Duns Scotus CHAPTER 9. DESCARTES: DOUBT AND CERTAINTY 9.1 The Pursuit of Knowledge Then and Now: The Scientific (and Philosophical) Revolution: 9.2 Plato's Rationalism Details: Innate Ideas: 9.3 Descartes' Doubt Details: Living in the Matrix: 9.4 Descartes' Certainty Portrait: Rene Descartes: Reading Rene Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy CHAPTER 10. FROM HOBBES TO HUME 10.1 Hobbes 10.2 Locke Then and Now: The Defeat of Relativism: 10.3 Berkeley 10.4 Hume Portrait: David Hume: 10.5 Spinoza Details: Russell on Spinoza: 10.6 Leibniz Readings Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan John Locke: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding George Berkeley: Of the Principles of Human Knowledge David Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz: Discourse on Metaphysics CHAPTER 11. KANT'S REVOLUTION 11.1 The Small-Town Genius 11.2 The Knowledge Revolution Portrait: Copernicus: Then and Now: Conceptualizing the World: 11.3 The Moral Law Ethics and Morality Details: Moral Relativism: Kant's Theory Readings Immanuel Kant: Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics Immanuel Kant: Critique of Pure Reason Immanuel Kant: Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals CHAPTER 12. JOHN STUART MILL AND UTILITARIANISM 12.1 The Philosopher-Reformer 12.2 Mill's Utilitarianism Portrait: Jeremy Bentham: Details: Utilitarianism and the Golden Rule: Then and Now: Utilitarianism and the Death Penalty: 12.3 Critiques of the Theory Details: Mill's View of Personal Freedom: Reading John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism CHAPTER 13. HEGEL AND MARX 13.1 Hegel Portrait: Hegel: 13.2 Marx Details: Einstein on Socialism: Then and Now: Is the United States a Socialist Country?: Readings Hegel: Lectures on the History of Philosophy Marx: The Communist Manifesto CHAPTER 14. EXISTENTIALISM 14.1 The Existential Tone 14.2 Kierkegaard 14.3 Nietzsche Details: Nietzsche: Myths and Rumors: Portrait: Schopenhauer: 14.4 Heidegger 14.5 Sartre Portrait: Sartre: Details: The Stir Caused by Sartre: 14.6 Camus Then and Now: Existentialism in Literature and Film: Readings Patrick Gardiner: Kierkegaard: A Very Short Introduction Soren Kierkegaard: Either/Or Soren Kierkegaard: The Point of View Soren Kierkegaard: Journal Soren Kierkegaard: Concluding Unscientific Postscript Friedrich Nietzsche: Thus Spake Zarathustra Friedrich Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil Friedrich Nietzsche: The Gay Science Martin Heidegger: The Basic Problems of Phenomenology Thomas R. Flynn: Existentialism: A Very Short Introduction Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialism Albert Camus: The Myth of Sisyphus CHAPTER 15. THE PRAGMATISTS: PEIRCE AND JAMES 15.1 The Pragmatist Way 15.2 Peirce Details: Four Ways to Fix Belief: 15.3 James Portrait: William James: Then and Now: James and Indeterminism: Readings William James: Pragmatism Charles Sanders Peirce: How to Make Our Ideas Clear William James: The Will to Believe Michael Martin: Atheism: A Philosophical Justification CHAPTER 16. FEMINIST PHILOSOPHERS 16.1 Mary Wollstonecraft Portrait: Wollstonecraft: 16.2 Simone de Beauvoir Then and Now: Innate Gender Differences?: 16.3 Feminist Ethics Details: Ethics Terminology: 16.4 Feminist Perspectives on Knowledge Readings Alison Ainley: Feminist Philosophy Louis M. Antony: Embodiment and Epistemology Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Women Judith Thurman: Introduction to The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir Simone de Beauvoir: The Second Sex Alison Jaggar: Feminist Ethics Jan Crosthwaite: Gender and Bioethics Virginia Held: The Ethics of Care Annette C. Baier: The Need for More Than Justice Elizabeth Anderson: Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science Eve Browning Cole: Philosophy and Feminist Criticism CHAPTER 17. THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD 17.1 Wittgenstein Portrait: Wittgenstein: Details: The Telling Gesture: 17.2 Derrida and Cixous 17.3 Rawls Then and Now: Political Terminology: 17.4 Appiah 17.5 Nussbaum 17.6 Martin Luther King, Jr. Readings Ludwig Wittgenstein: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus Ludwig Wittgenstein: Philosophical Investigations Susan Sellers: The Helene Cixous Reader John Rawls: A Theory of Justice Kwame Anthony Appiah: Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers Martha Nussbaum: The New Religious Intolerance Martin Luther King, Jr., in A Testament of Hope Martin Luther King, Jr.: Nonviolence and Racial Justice Martin Luther King, Jr.: Letter from a Birmingham Jail * CHAPTER 18. THE MEANING OF LIFE * 18.1 The Search for Meaning * 18.2 Pessimism: Life Has No Meaning * 18.3 Optimism: Life Can Have Meaning * Meaning from Above * Details: Is Religion Necessary for a Meaningful Life?: Meaning from Below * Details: What Can and Cannot Give Life Meaning: Readings * Leo Tolstoy: My Confession * Arthur Schopenhauer: On the Sufferings of the World * Julian Baggini: What's It All About? * Paul Edwards: The Encyclopedia of Philosophy APPENDIX: How to Write a Philosophy Paper Glossary: Credits: Index of Marginal Quotations: General Index:

Additional information

CIN0190628707G
9780190628703
0190628707
Living Philosophy: A Historical Introduction to Philosophical Ideas by Lewis Vaughn
Used - Good
Paperback
Oxford University Press Inc
20170630
504
N/A
Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.
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