Section 1: Membrane Processes for Global Water Solutions 1. Ethical and Sustainable Utilisation of Water: Global Scenarios and Engineering Responsibilities W. Richard Bowen 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Global Perspectives 1.3 Global Plans 1.4 Engineering Responsibilities 1.5 Membrane Engineering References 2. Introduction to Membrane Processes for Water Treatment Rajindar Singh, Nicholas P. Hankins 2.1 Membrane Materials 2.2 Membrane Separation 2.3 Membrane Processes 2.4 Hybrid Membrane Plants 2.5 Membrane Modules 2.6 Membrane Fouling and Control 2.7 Recent Developments and Future Prospects References Section 2: Desalination and Potable Water Puri?cation 3. Forward Osmosis for Sustainable Water Treatment Li-Cheng Shen, Nicholas P. Hankins 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Draw Solutions 3.3 Membranes and Modules 3.4 Applications of FO 3.5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 4. Desalination by Membrane Distillation Julio A. Sanmartino, Mohamed Khayet, M.C. Garcia-Payo 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Membrane Distillation 4.3 Properties of Saline Aqueous Solutions 4.4 MD Desalination 4.5 Energy Consumption and Costs of MD Desalination 4.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives in MD References 5. Sustainable Energy Systems for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Philip A. Davies 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Performance Limits 5.3 Performance and Losses in RO Desalination 5.4 Performance of PV Cells and Losses 5.5 RO Systems for Variable-Power Operation 5.6 Thermally Powered RO Systems 5.7 Conclusions and Outlook List of Abbreviations Glossary References 6. Desalination and On-site Energy for Groundwater Treatment in Developing Countries Using Fuel Cells Rajindar Singh 6.1 Background 6.2 India's WatereEnergy Nexus 6.3 FC Technology 6.4 FC Integrated Membrane Desalination 6.5 Zero Liquid Discharge Desalination Processes 6.6 Appropriate Desalination Technology for Remote Regions 6.7 Concluding Remarks References 7. Ion Exchange Membranes for Water Softening and High-Recovery Desalination Malynda A. Cappelle, Thomas A. Davis 7.1 Ion Exchange Materials and Water Softening 7.2 Donnan Dialysis 7.3 ED for Desalination 7.4 Conclusions List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Acknowledgements References 8. Water Treatment by Electromembrane Processes Nalan Kabay, OEURO zguEUROr Arar, Samuel Bunani 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Electrodialysis (ED) 8.3 Electrodeionisation (EDI) 8.4 Capacitive Deionisation (CDI) 8.5 Conclusions and Recommendations List of Abbreviations Symbols Subscripts and Superscripts Greek Symbols Acknowledgements References Section 3: Wastewater Treatment for Reclamation and Reuse 9. Removal of Emerging Contaminants for Water Reuse by Membrane Technology Long D. Nghiem, Takahiro Fujioka 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Membrane Technology for Water Reclamation 9.3 NF/RO Separation 9.4 Other Membrane Processes 9.5 Conclusion References 10. Surfactant and Polymer-Based Technologies for Water Treatment Li-Cheng Shen, Nicholas P. Hankins, Rajindar Singh 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Surfactant-Based Technologies for Water Treatment 10.3 Polymer-Based Technologies for Water Treatment 10.4 Combined PolymereSurfactant-Based Technologies for Water Treatment 10.5 Characterisation of Micellar Size 10.6 Conclusions Acknowledgement References 11. Submerged and Attached Growth Membrane Bioreactors and Forward Osmosis Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment Sher Jamal Khan, Nicholas P. Hankins, Li-Cheng Shen 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Biological and Membrane Filtration Processes in MBR 11.3 Membrane Fouling Classi?cation and Mitigation Approaches 11.4 Development of AMBR 11.5 The Forward Osmosis MBR References 12. Brine Treatment and High Recovery Desalination J. Gilron 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Energy and Pressure Considerations in High Recovery 12.3 Hybrid Processes to Overcome Salinity Limitations 12.4 Hybrid Processes that Overcome Scaling Problems 12.5 Conclusions Nomenclature Greek Symbols Subscripts References Section 4: New Membrane Materials and Applications 13. Development of Hybrid Processes for High Purity Water Production Rajindar Singh 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Process Technologies 13.3 HPW Applications 13.4 UPW Processes for Advanced Microchips 13.5 Water Reclamation for Reuse References 14. Biomimetic Membranes for Water Puri?cation and Wastewater Treatment Chuyang Y. Tang, Zhining Wang, Claus H'elix-Nielsen 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Aquaporins 14.3 Biomimetic Membranes and Their Properties 14.4 Summary and Conclusions References 15. Novel Graphene Membranes e Theory and Application Jakob Buchheim, Roman M. Wyss, Chang-Min Kim, Mengmeng Deng, Hyung Gyu Park 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Porous Graphene Fluidics e Mass Transport across Porous Graphene 15.3 Mass Transport across Layered Graphene and Graphene Oxide 15.4 Conclusions References 16. Nanocomposite and Responsive Membranes for Water Treatment Sebasti'an Hern'andez, Anthony Saad, Lindell Ormsbee, Dibakar Bhattacharyya 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Responsive Materials 16.3 Nanocomposite Membranes 16.4 Summary Acknowledgements References 17. Membrane Fouling, Modelling and Recent Developments for Mitigation Catalina Alvarado, Kathryn Farris, James Kilduff 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Foulants 17.3 Biological Fouling 17.4 Models for Fouling 17.5 Approaches to Mitigate Fouling 17.6 Concluding Remarks References
