Contents Volume 1 Section I Genetics and Embryology 1 Basic Genetic Principles, 1 Haluk Kavus | Wendy K. Chung 2 Epigenetics, 11 William Schierding | Mark H. Vickers | Justin M. O'Sullivan | Wayne S. Cutfield 3 Basic Embryology, 23 David L. Bolender 4 Regulation of Embryogenesis, 38 Matt K. Lee | Changgong Li | David Warburton | Parviz Minoo 5 The Extracellular Matrix in Development, 47 Sandra L. Leibel | Martin Post 6 Angiogenesis, 54 Yalda Afshar | M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe 7 Prenatal Diagnosis, 58 Laura Smith | Barbara M. O'Brien Section II Placenta and Intrauterine Environment 8 Placental Development, 67 Margaret G. Petroff | Helen Jones 9 Regulation of the Placental Circulation, 80 Imran N. Mir | Charles R. Rosenfeld 10 Mechanisms of Transfer Across the Human Placenta, 89 Rohan M. Lewis | Jane K. Cleal 11 Endocrine and Paracrine Function of the Human Placenta, 101 Anna A. Penn 12 Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation and the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome, 111 Eunjung Jung | Roberto Romero | Lami Yeo | Piya Chaemsaithong | Nardhy Gomez-Lopez 13 Fetal Origins of Adult Disease: A Classic Hypothesis With New Relevance, 129 Peter Russell Baker II 14 Placental Function in Intrauterine Growth Restriction, 137 Jill Chang | Karen Mestan Section III Developmental Pharmacology 15 Basic Pharmacologic Principles, 150 Gabriel Altit | Julie Autmizguine | Francois Duhamel | Sylvain Chemtob 16 Principles of Pharmacokinetics, 166 Robert M. Ward | Kevin M. Watt | Steven E. Kern 17 The Physiology of Placental Drug Disposition, 173 Karel Allegaert | John Nicolaas van den Anker 18 Pharmacogenomics, 187 Laura B. Ramsey | Tomoyuki Mizuno | Alexander A. Vinks 19 Drug Distribution in Fetal Life, 194 Marianne Garland 20 Drug Transfer During Breastfeeding, 203 Thomas W. Hale | Kaytlin Krutsch Section IV Intrauterine and Postnatal Growth 21 Placental and Fetal Circulatory and Metabolic Changes Accompanying Fetal Growth Restriction, 214 Barbra de Vrijer | Giacomo Meschia | Frederick C. Battaglia | Timothy R.H. Regnault | William W. Hay, Jr. 22 Endocrine Factors Affecting Neonatal Growth, 224 Kara Kuhn-Riordon | Yvonne K. Lee | Dennis M. Styne 23 Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant, 241 Donna Geddes | Zoya Gridneva | Lisa Stinson | Peter Hartmann 24 Physiology of Lactation, 249 Jayne F. Martin Carli | Jenifer Monks | James L. McManaman Section V Perinatal Iron, Mineral, and Vitamin Metabolism 25 Fetal and Neonatal Iron Metabolism, 257 Harry J. McArdle | Michael K. Georgieff 26 Fetal and Neonatal Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Homeostasis, 265 Karen M. O'Callaghan | Daniel E. Roth 27 Zinc in the Fetus and Neonate, 282 Nancy F. Krebs | K. Michael Hambidge 28 Vitamin A Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate, 287 Libo Tan | A. Catharine Ross 29 Vitamin E Nutrition in Pregnancy and the Newborn Infant, 295 Karla Danielly da S. Ribeiro | Debora Gabriela Fernandes Assuncao | Natalia Carlos Maia Amorim | Priscila Gomes de Oliveira 30 Vitamin K Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate, 303 Martin J. Shearer | Paul Clarke Section VI Lipid Metabolism 31 Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Lipid Metabolites, 311 Emilio Herrera | Miguel Angel Lasuncion 32 Brown Adipose Tissue: Development and Function, 323 Jan Nedergaard | Barbara Cannon 33 Lipids as an Energy Source for the Premature and Term Neonate, 332 Emilio Herrera | Henar Ortega-Senovilla 34 Ketone Body Metabolism in the Neonate, 339 Baris Ercal | Peter A. Crawford 35 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Neurodevelopment, 348 Kathleen M. Gustafson | John Colombo | Susan E. Carlson Section VII Carbohydrate Metabolism 36 Glucose Metabolism in the Fetus and Newborn, and Methods for Its Investigation, 358 Sarah A. Wernimont | Andrew W. Norris 37 Oxygen Consumption and General Carbohydrate Metabolism of the Fetus, 368 Anthony F. Philipps 38 Role of Glucoregulatory Hormones in Hepatic Glucose Metabolism During the Perinatal Period, 382 Kathryn Beardsall | Amanda Ogilvy-Stuart | Myat Su Win 39 Cell Glucose Transport and Glucose Handling During Fetal and Neonatal Development, 392 Rebecca A. Simmons Section VIII Protein Metabolism 40 General Concepts of Protein Metabolism, 400 Chris H.P. van den Akker | Johannes (Hans) B. van Goudoever | Dwight E. Matthews 41 Placental Transfer and Fetal Requirements of Amino Acids, 408 Laura D. Brown | Rohan M. Lewis | William W. Hay, Jr. | Timothy R.H. Regnault Section IX Thermoregulation 42 Temperature Control in Newborn Infants, 423 Rakesh Sahni Section X Skin 43 Structure and Development of the Skin and Cutaneous Appendages, 446 David H. Chu | Cynthia A. Loomis 44 Physiologic Development of the Skin, 454 Marty O. Visscher | Vivek Narendran Section XI Fetal and Neonatal Cardiovascular Physiology 45 Cardiovascular Development, 473 Maurice J.B. van den Hoff | Andy Wessels 46 Developmental Electrophysiology in the Fetus and Neonate, 482 Janette F. Strasburger | Annette Wacker-Gussmann | Michael A. Schellpfeffer 47 Developmental Biology of the Pulmonary Vasculature, 501 Cristina M. Alvira | Shazia Bhombal | Marlene Rabinovitch 48 Development of the Gastrointestinal Circulation in the Fetus and Newborn, 517 Upender K. Munshi | David A. Clark 49 Physiology of Congenital Heart Disease in the Neonate, 521 ?Thomas J. Kulik | Philip T. Levy 50 Regulation of Cardiovascular Function During Fetal and Newborn Life, 534 Dino A. Giussani | Jeffrey L. Segar 51 Nutritional and Environmental Effects on the Fetal Circulation, 545 Lucy R. Green | Mark A. Hanson ?Deceased. 52 Mechanisms Regulating Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus, 553 Ronald I. Clyman 53 Umbilical Circulation, 564 Torvid Kiserud | Guttorm Haugen 54 Fetal and Placental Circulation During Labor, 576 Karel Marsal Section XII The Lung 55 Normal and Abnormal Structural Development of the Lung, 585 Xin Sun 56 Regulation of Alveolarization, 600 Christophe Delacourt | Alice Hadchouel 57 Physiologic Mechanisms of Normal and Altered Lung Growth Before and After Birth, 605 Megan J. Wallace | Stuart B. Hooper | Richard Harding 58 Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Development and Lung Branching Morphogenesis, 617 Sandra L. Leibel | Martin Post 59 Regulation of Liquid Secretion and Absorption by the Fetal and Neonatal Lung, 626 David P. Carlton 60 Upper Airway Structure: Function, Regulation, and Development, 635 Thomas H. Shaffer | Raymond B. Penn | Marla R. Wolfson 61 Regulation of Lower Airway Function, 645 Abhrajit Ganguly | Richard J. Martin | Peter M. MacFarlane | Y.S. Prakash | Thomas M. Raffay 62 Functional Development of Respiratory Muscles, 652 Carlos B. Mantilla | Joline E. Brandenburg | Matthew J. Fogarty | Gary C. Sieck 63 Mechanics of Breathing, 665 Jacopo P. Mortola 64 Pulmonary Gas Exchange in the Developing Lung, 673 Leif D. Nelin | John P. Kinsella | William E. Truog III 65 Oxygen Transport and Delivery, 684 Danielle R. Rios | Afif F. El-Khuffash | Patrick J. McNamara 66 Control of Breathing in Fetal Life and Onset and Control of Breathing in the Neonate, 697 Ruben E. Alvaro 67 Basic Mechanisms of Oxygen Sensing and Adaptation to Hypoxia, 707 Dan Zhou | Gabriel G. Haddad 68 Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in the Neonate, 714 Emidio Sivieri | Kevin Dysart | Soraya Abbasi | Eric C. Eichenwald 69 Mechanisms of Neonatal Lung Injury, 728 Anastasiya Mankouski | Richard Lambert Auten, Jr. 70 Impaired Lung Growth After Injury in Preterm Lung, 734 Kurt H. Albertine | Theodore J. Pysher | Bradley A. Yoder 71 Antenatal Factors That Influence Postnatal Lung Development and Injury, 748 Suhas G. Kallapur | Alan H. Jobe 72 Regulation of Pulmonary Circulation, 757 Yuansheng Gao | J. Usha Raj SECTION XIII Surfactant 73 Historical Perspective, 765 John A. Clements 74 Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells, 768 Ivana Mizikova | Chanele Cyr-Depauw | Bernard Thebaud 75 Surfactant Homeostasis: Composition and Function of Pulmonary Surfactant Lipids and Proteins, 776 Jeffrey A. Whitsett | Paul S. Kingma 76 Structure and Development of Alveolar Epithelial Cells, 787 Henry J. Rozycki | Karen D. Hendricks-Munoz 77 Regulation of Surfactant-Associated Phospholipid Synthesis and Secretion, 792 Wolfgang Bernhard 78 Antenatal Hormonal Therapy for Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome, 804 J.E. Harding | C.A. Crowther | C.J.D. McKinlay 79 Surfactant Treatment, 813 Alan H. Jobe | Suhas G. Kallapur 80 Genetics and Physiology of Surfactant Protein Deficiencies, 825 Jennifer A. Wambach | Lawrence M. Nogee SECTION XIV Physiology of Gastrointestinal Tract in the Fetus and Neonate 81 Trophic Factors and Regulation of Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Development, 838 Douglas G. Burrin | Caitlin E. Vonderohe Organogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 845 Maxime M. Mahe | Michael A. Helmrath | Noah F. Shroyer 83 Development of Gastric Secretory Function, 854 Joshua D. Prozialeck | Barry K. Wershil 84 Development of the Enteric Nervous System and Gastrointestinal Motility, 859 Julie Khlevner | Andrew Del Colle | Kara Gross Margolis 85 Development of the Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreas, 868 Lori Sussel 86 Digestive-Absorptive Functions in Fetuses, Infants, and Children, 881 Diomel de la Cruz | Josef Neu 87 The Developing Microbiome of the Fetus and Neonate: A Multiomic Approach, 888 Josef Neu | Neel Kamal Singh SECTION XV Liver and Bilirubin Metabolism 88 Organogenesis and Histologic Development of the Liver, 896 Steven Lobritto 89 Bile Acid Metabolism During Development, 901 Linda X. Wang | Rohit Kohli 90 Fetal and Neonatal Bilirubin Metabolism, 915 Ryoichi Fujiwara 91 Hereditary Contributions to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia, 919 Michael Kaplan | Cathy Hammerman 92 Mechanistic Aspects of Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia, 930 Vinod K. Bhutani | Christina M. Konecny | Ronald J. Wong Volume 2 Section XVI The Kidney 93 Development of the Kidney: Morphology and Mechanisms, 941 Ian M. Smyth | Luise A. Cullen-McEwen | Alexander N. Combes | Lori L. O'Brien | Mary Jane Black | John F. Bertram 94 Functional Development of the Kidney in Utero, 954 Douglas G. Matsell | Michael J. Hiatt 95 Development and Regulation of Renal Blood Flow in the Neonate, 965 Michael J. Solhaug | Pedro A. Jose 96 Postnatal Development of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Neonates, 975 Jean-Pierre Guignard | Silvia Iacobelli 97 Renal Transport of Sodium During Development, 984 Michel Baum 98 Potassium Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate, 992 Matthias T. Wolf | Corinne Benchimol | Lisa M. Satlin | Raymond Quigley 99 Role of the Kidney in Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis, 1006 Minh Dien Duong | Frederick J. Kaskel 100 Transport of Amino Acids in the Fetus and Neonate, 1018 Raymond Quigley 101 Organic Anion Transport in the Developing Kidney, 1024 Sun-Young Ahn | Jeremiah D. Momper | Sanjay K. Nigam 102 Concentration and Dilution of Urine, 1030 Silvia Iacobelli | Jean-Pierre Guignard 103 Urinary Acidification, 1047 Seth L. Alper | George J. Schwartz 104 Response to Nephron Loss in Early Development, 1056 Pamela I. Good | Fangming Lin | Jennifer R. Charlton SECTION XVII Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism 105 Fluid Distribution in the Fetus and Neonate, 1064 Chang-Ryul Kim | Barbara S. Stonestreet 106 Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in the Fetus and Neonate, 1076 Timur Azhibekov | Philippe S. Friedlich | Istvan Seri Section XVIII Developmental Hematopoiesis 107 Developmental Biology of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, 1082 Amelie Collins 108 Neutrophil Granulopoiesis and Homeostasis, 1093 Shelley M. Lawrence | Victor Nizet 109 Developmental Erythropoiesis, 1104 Timothy M. Bahr | Robin K. Ohls 110 Developmental Megakaryopoiesis, 1125 Martha C. Sola-Visner | Patricia Davenport Section XIX Hemostasis 111 Developmental Hemostasis, 1145 Paul Monagle 112 Platelet-Vessel Wall Interactions, 1153 Thomas G. Diacovo Section XX Developmental Immunobiology 113 Host Defense Mechanisms Against Bacteria, 1158 Tobias R. Kollmann | Nicolas Dauby | Danny Harbeson | Mario Fidanza | Arnaud Marchant 114 Host Defense Mechanisms Against Fungi, 1167 Melinda Erdos | Laszlo Marodi 115 Host Defense Mechanisms Against Viruses, 1172 James E. Crowe, Jr. | Fabienne Willems | Arnaud Marchant 116 T-Cell Development, 1195 Melinda Erdos | Laszlo Marodi 117 B-Cell Development, 1200 Sandra C.A. Nielsen | Scott D. Boyd 118 Mononuclear Phagocyte System, 1206 Pascal M. Lavoie | Ofer Levy 119 Normal and Abnormal Neutrophil Physiology in the Newborn, 1215 Joyce M. Koenig | Joseph M. Bliss | Markus Sperandio 120 The Complement System of the Fetus and Newborn, 1232 Melvin Berger 121 Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate, 1243 Scott M. Gordon | Lakshmi Srinivasan | Mary Catherine Harris | Laurie E. Kilpatrick 122 Immunology of Human Milk, 1257 Armond S. Goldman | Sadhana Chheda | Susan E. Keeney 123 Neonatal Pulmonary Host Defense, 1265 Misty Good | Jay K. Kolls | Kerry M. Empey Section XXI Neurology 124 Development of the Nervous System, 1297 Christopher J. Yuskaitis | Scott L. Pomeroy 125 Mechanisms of Cell Death in the Developing Brain, 1318 Claire Thornton 126 Development of the Blood-Brain Barrier, 1327 Clemence Disdier | Susan S. Cohen | Mariella Errede | Daniela Virgintino | Barbara S. Stonestreet 127 Trophic Factor, Nutritional, and Hormonal Regulation of Brain Development, 1341 David Pleasure 128 Developmental Aspects of Pain, 1347 Manon Ranger | Simon Beggs | Ruth E. Grunau 129 Cerebellar Development-The Impact of Preterm Birth and Comorbidities, 1353 Emily W.Y. Tam | Manon J.N.L. Benders | Vivi M. Heine 130 Electroencephalography in the Preterm and Term Infant, 1367 Maria Roberta Cilio | Francesco Pisani 131 Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Neonate, 1394 Brian H. Walsh | Terrie E. Inder 132 Pathophysiology of Neonatal White Matter Injury, 1414 Steven P. Miller | Stephen A. Back 133 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neonatal Brain Injury and Neuroprotection, 1422 Panagiotis Kratimenos | Joseph Scafidi | Vittorio Gallo 134 Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia, 1432 Alistair J. Gunn | Joanne O. Davidson | Laura Bennet Section XXII Special Sensory Systems in the Fetus and Neonate 135 Early Development of the Human Auditory System, 1440 Kelsey L. Anbuhl | Kristin M. Uhler | Lynne A. Werner | Daniel J. Tollin 136 Development of Olfaction and Taste in the Human Fetus and Neonate, 1455 Harvey B. Sarnat Section XXIII Musculoskeletal 137 The Growth Plate: Embryologic Origin, Structure, and Function, 1465 Emmanouil Grigoriou | John P. Dormans 138 Ontogenesis of Striated Muscle, 1475 Harvey B. Sarnat Section XXIV Endocrine Function 139 Hypothalamus: Neuroendometabolic Center, 1495 Adda Grimberg | Jessica Katz Kutikov 140 Growth Factor Regulation of Fetal Growth, 1505 Colin P. Hawkes | Lorraine E. Levitt Katz 141 Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Placental Lactogen in the Fetus and Newborn, 1514 Nursen Gurtunca | Mark A. Sperling 142 Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in the Fetus and Newborn Infant, 1520 Sumana Narasimhan | Ethel G. Clemente | Neha V. Vyas | T. Rajendra Kumar 143 Development of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis in the Fetus, 1532 Brian J. Feldman | Abby Walch | Jennifer Zabinsky 144 Fetal and Neonatal Adrenocortical Physiology, 1538 Kristi L. Watterberg | Louis J. Muglia 145 Fetal and Neonatal Thyroid Physiology, 1546 Andrew J. Bauer Section XXV Ovary and Testis 146 Genetics of Sex Determination and Differentiation, 1555 Peter James Ivor Ellis 147 Differentiation of the Ovary, 1566 Linn Salto Mamsen | Claus Yding Andersen | Andrew J. Childs | Richard A. Anderson 148 Testicular Development and Descent, 1574 Mary M. Lee Section XXVi PAT HOPHYSIOLOGY OF NEONATAL DISEASES 149 The Pathophysiology of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, Twin-Anemia Polycythemia Sequence, and Twin-Reversed Arterial Perfusion, 1582 Christoph Wohlmuth 150 Physiology of Neonatal Resuscitation, 1589 Stuart B. Hooper | Arjan B. te Pas 151 Pathophysiology of Neonatal Sepsis, 1606 James L. Wynn 152 Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoglycemia, 1624 Colin P. Hawkes | Diana E. Stanescu | Charles A. Stanley 153 Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathies, 1633 Hugo R. Martinez | Thomas D. Ryan | Jeffrey A. Towbin 154 Pathophysiology of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn, 1648 Satyan Lakshminrusimha | Robin H. Steinhorn 155 Pathophysiology of Shock in the Fetus and Neonate, 1662 Shahab Noori | Philippe S. Friedlich | Istvan Seri 156 Pathophysiology of Apnea of Prematurity, 1671 Lisa J. Mitchell | Peter M. MacFarlane | Ryan W. Bavis | Richard J. Martin 157 Pathophysiology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome, 1680 Alan H. Jobe 158 Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome, 1696 Jason Gien | John P. Kinsella 159 Pathophysiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, 1703 Eduardo H. Bancalari | Deepak Jain 160 Pathophysiology of Ventilator-Dependent Infants, 1710 Howard B. Panitch 161 Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux, 1722 Sudarshan Rao Jadcherla 162 Pathophysiology and Prevention of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis, 1732 Misty Good | Michael Caplan 163 Pathophysiology of Kernicterus, 1738 Thor Willy Ruud Hansen 164 Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury, 1750 David T. Selewski | David J. Askenazi | Jennifer R. Charlton | Jennifer G. Jetton 165 Pathophysiology of Edema, 1760 David P. Carlton 166 Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity, 1765 M. Elizabeth Hartnett 167 Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury, 1773 Vadim S. Ten 168 Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Bacterial Meningitis, 1784 Rodrigo Hasbun | Allan Collodel | Tatiana Barichello 169 Pathophysiology of Neural Tube Defects, 1797 Andrew J. Copp | Nicholas D.E. Greene 170 Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia, 1811 Sarosh Rana | S. Ananth Karumanchi 171 Pathophysiology of Preterm Birth, 1820 David A. MacIntyre | Shirin Khanjani | Phillip R. Bennett 172 Pathophysiology of Chorioamnionitis: Host Immunity and Microbial Virulence, 1828 Thomas A. Hooven | Tara M. Randis 173 Pathophysiology of Genetic Neonatal Disease, 1837 Katrina A. Andrews | Sarah A. Bowdin 174 Genetic Variants and Neonatal Disease, 1846 Jennifer L. Cohen | C. Michael Cotten
