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Arguing Across the Disciplinesis the only text of its kind, combining instruction in argumentation with writing across the disciplines through discussion of a diverse selection of classic and contemporary arguments in a wide range of disciplines.
Part I
1. Reading and Responding to Arguments
Rhetoric and Persuasion
Critical Reading for Ideas and Organization
Identifying a Thesis
Responding to What You Read
A Sample Essay for Student Annotation
Edward T. Hall, Hidden Culture (Anthropology)
Keeping a Reading Journal
Summarizing
Three Arguments for Critical Reading (in the Liberal Arts, Social Sciences and Sciences)
Roger Ebert, Great Movies (Film Criticism)
Eric Schlosser, Kid Kustomers (Marketing)
Loren Eiseley, How Flowers Changed the World (Botany)
2. Strategies for Arguing
Introduction to the Toulmin Model
Kinds of Claims
Factual Claims
Causal Claims
Value Claims
Policy Claims
Definition
Methods of Defining Terms
Extended Definition
James Baldwin, If Black English Isn't a Language, Then Tell Me What It Is
3. Supporting Arguments
Using Evidence
Testimony of Experts
Examples from Personal Experience
Hypothetical Cases
Analogies
Statistics
Understanding Warrants
Underlying Assumptions
Evaluating Types of Warrants
Considering the Audience
The Rogerian Method
The Toulmin Model
4. Arguing in the Disciplines
Inquiry in the Liberal Arts, Social Sciences, and Sciences
Arguing in the Arts
Arguing in Ethics
Arguing in History
Arguing in Social Sciences
Arguing in the Law
Arguing in Business
Arguing in the Sciences
Three Arguments for Analysis
Kenneth M. Stampp, To Make Them Stand in Fear (History)
John M. Darley and Bibb Latane, Why People Don't Help in a Crisis (Social Psychology)
Arthur D. Hasler and James A. Larsen, The Homing Salmon (Ichthyology)
5. Reasoning in Inductive and Deductive Arguments
Methods of Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
By Means of Causal Generalization, Sampling, and Analogy
Deductive Reasoning
Logical Fallacies
A Sample Inductive Argument for Analysis
Garret Hardin, Lifeboat Ethics (Ethics)
A Sample Deductive Argument for Analysis
Milton Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits (Economics)
6. The Role of Language in Argument
Tone
Irony
Satire
Sample Essay for Analysis
Mark Twain's, The Lowest Animal (Literature)
Language and Persuasion
The Ethical Dimension of Persuasion
Propaganda
Intensifying and Downplaying
Two Short Arguments for Analysis
Charles Sevilla, The Case of the Non-Unanimous Jury (Law)
Robert E. Jones, Justice Can Be Served Despite Dissenting Votes (Law)
7. Writing and Refuting Arguments
Prewriting
Invention Strategies
Arriving at a Thesis
Making up an Outline
Writing the Introduction, the Middle, and the Conclusion
Audience
Writing the First Draft
Revising and Rewriting Your Essay
Analyzing Someone Else's Argument
How to Analyze an Argument
Sample Annotated Essay
Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Myth of the Latin Woman (Cultural Anthropology)
Identifying Your Thesis
Providing Evidence by Paraphrasing and Quoting
Sample Summary
A Sample Student Essay, Examining the Latina Stereotype based on Cofer's Essay
Refuting Arguments
Analyzing an Argument and Inventing Your Own
An Argument with a Student's Refutation
Esther Vilar, The Business World as a Hunting Ground (Cultural Anthropology)
A Student's Refutation of Vilar's Essay, Are Men Really the Slaves of Women?
8. Reading and Analyzing Visual Texts
Elements of Design
Analyzing a Web site
Tables, Graphs, and Charts
Reading Images as Cultural Signs
Case Study for the Paper Clip Project
Techniques of Advertising
Portfolio of Ads to Analyze
9. Writing Arguments from Sources
Finding a Question to Answer
Using the Library
Using the On-line Computer Catalog
Using Periodical Indexes
Using Book Reviews, Newspaper Indexes and Abstracts, Field Research and Interviews
Using Computerized Data Bases
Evaluating Source Material
Drawing Up a Working Bibliography
Tips for Evaluating Electronic Sources
The Dangers of Undocumented Sources
Note-taking Procedures
Using Your Notes to Create an Outline
The Preliminary Thesis Statement
Creating the Rough Draft
Revising the Rough Draft into a Final Draft
Revising and Editing with a Computer
Preparing the Manuscript
The MLA Style of In-text Citation
Sample Research Paper in MLA Style
The APA Style of In-text Citation
Sample Research Paper in APA Style
Using the CSE Style to Document the Manuscript
Sample Research Paper in CSE Style
Part II
LIBERAL ARTS
Art and Architecture
Richard Keller Simon, The Shopping Mall and the Formal Garden
Ethics and Bioethics
Hans Ruesch, Slaughter of the Innocent
Philip Wheelwright, The Meaning of Ethics
History
Fred Kaplan, The End of History
Journalism
Lance Morrow, Imprisoning Time in a Rectangle
Language
Helen Keller
Literature
Ursula Le Guin, American SF and the Other
Music
Aaron Copland, Film Music
Philosophy and Religion
Jean Paul Sartre, Existentialism
SOCIAL SCIENCES
American Studies
Philip Slater, Want-Creation Fuels Americans' Addictiveness
Business and Marketing
Robert F. Hartley, The Edsel: Marketing, Planning and Research Gone Awry
Communication
Neil Postman and Steve Powers, TV News as Entertainment
Cultural Anthropology
Harold Miner, Body Rituals of the Nacirema
Economics
Thomas Robert Malthus, The Principle of Population
Education
Nat Hentoff, 'Speech Codes' on the Campus and Problems of Free Speech
Political Science
Daniela Deane, The Little Emperors
Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream
Psychology
Stanley Milgram, The Perils of Obedience
Philip G. Zimbardo, The Stanford Prison Experiment
Sociology
Gloria Steinem, The Time Factor
SCIENCE
Biology
Charles Darwin, From on the Origin of Species
Robert Sapolsky, Bugs in the Brain
Eric Scigliano, , Through the Eye of an Octopus
Ecology and Environmental Studies
Elizabeth Kolbert, Shishmaref, Alaska
Joseph K. Skinner, Big Mac and the Tropical Forests
Engineering
Donald A. Norman, Emotional Robots
Epidemiology
Gina Kolata, An Incident in Hong Kong
Zoology
Donald R. Griffin, Wordy Apes
Gunjan Sinha, You Dirty Vole
Genetics and Bioengineering
Carol Grunewald, Monsters of the Brave New World
Medicine
George E. Vaillant, We Should Retain the Disease Concept of Alcoholism
Oceanography
Thor Heyerdahl, How to Kill an Ocean
Physics
Charles H. Townes, Harnessing Light