Name: Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering By William D. Callister
SKU: 9781119723677
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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering Summary

Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering: An Integrated Approach by William D. Callister

Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering takes an integrated approach to the sequence of topics - one specific structure, characteristic, or property type is covered in turn for all three basic material types: metals, ceramics, and polymeric materials. This presentation permits the early introduction of non-metals and supports the engineer's role in choosing materials based upon their characteristics. Using clear, concise terminology that is familiar to students, Fundamentals presents material at an appropriate level for both student comprehension and instructors who may not have a materials background. Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering is available with WileyPLUS, an online teaching and learning environment that integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources to fit every learning style. The text builds student confidence with the opportunity to practice problems and complete homework with instant feedback in WileyPLUS.

List of Symbols xix 1. Introduction 1 Learning Objectives 2 1.1 Historical Perspective 2 1.2 Materials Science and Engineering 2 1.3 Why Study Materials Science and Engineering? 4 Case Study-Liberty Ship Failures 5 1.4 Classification of Materials 6 Case Study-Carbonated Beverage Containers 11 1.5 Advanced Materials 12 1.6 Modern Materials' Needs 14 Summary 15 References 15 2. Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding 16 Learning Objectives 17 2.1 Introduction 17 Atomic Structure 17 2.2 Fundamental Concepts 17 2.3 Electrons in Atoms 19 2.4 The Periodic Table 25 Atomic Bonding in Solids 27 2.5 Bonding Forces and Energies 27 2.6 Primary Interatomic Bonds 29 2.7 Secondary Bonding or van der Waals Bonding 36 Materials of Importance-Water (Its Volume Expansion upon Freezing) 39 2.8 Mixed Bonding 40 2.9 Molecules 41 2.10 Bonding Type-Material Classification Correlations 41 Summary 42 Equation Summary 43 List of Symbols 43 Important Terms and Concepts 44 References 44 3. Structures of Metals and Ceramics 45 Learning Objectives 46 3.1 Introduction 46 Crystal Structures 46 3.2 Fundamental Concepts 46 3.3 Unit Cells 47 3.4 Metallic Crystal Structures 48 3.5 Density Computations-Metals 54 3.6 Ceramic Crystal Structures 54 3.7 Density Computations-Ceramics 60 3.8 Silicate Ceramics 61 3.9 Carbon 65 3.10 Polymorphism and Allotropy 66 3.11 Crystal Systems 66 Material of Importance-Tin (Its Allotropic Transformation) 68 Crystallographic Points, Directions, and Planes 69 3.12 Point Coordinates 69 3.13 Crystallographic Directions 72 3.14 Crystallographic Planes 78 3.15 Linear and Planar Densities 84 3.16 Close-Packed Crystal Structures 85 Crystalline and Noncrystalline Materials 89 3.17 Single Crystals 89 3.18 Polycrystalline Materials 89 3.19 Anisotropy 89 3.20 X-Ray Diffraction: Determination of Crystal Structures 91 3.21 Noncrystalline Solids 96 Summary 98 Equation Summary 100 List of Symbols 101 Important Terms and Concepts 102 References 102 4. Polymer Structures 103 Learning Objectives 104 4.1 Introduction 104 4.2 Hydrocarbon Molecules 104 4.3 Polymer Molecules 107 4.4 The Chemistry of Polymer Molecules 107 4.5 Molecular Weight 111 4.6 Molecular Shape 114 4.7 Molecular Structure 116 4.8 Molecular Configurations 117 4.9 Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Polymers 120 4.10 Copolymers 121 4.11 Polymer Crystallinity 122 4.12 Polymer Crystals 126 Summary 128 Equation Summary 129 List of Symbols 130 Important Terms and Concepts 130 References 130 5. Imperfections in Solids 131 Learning Objectives 132 5.1 Introduction 132 Point Defects 133 5.2 Point Defects in Metals 133 5.3 Point Defects in Ceramics 134 5.4 Impurities in Solids 137 5.5 Point Defects in Polymers 142 5.6 Specification of Composition 142 Miscellaneous Imperfections 146 5.7 Dislocations-Linear Defects 146 5.8 Interfacial Defects 149 5.9 Bulk or Volume Defects 152 5.10 Atomic Vibrations 152 Materials of Importance-Catalysts (and Surface Defects) 153 Microscopic Examination 154 5.11 Basic Concepts of Microscopy 154 5.12 Microscopic Techniques 155 5.13 Grain-Size Determination 159 Summary 162 Equation Summary 164 List of Symbols 165 Important Terms and Concepts 165 References 165 6. Diffusion 166 Learning Objectives 167 6.1 Introduction 167 6.2 Diffusion Mechanisms 168 6.3 Fick's First Law 169 6.4 Fick's Second Law-Nonsteady-State Diffusion 171 6.5 Factors that Influence Diffusion 175 6.6 Diffusion in Semiconducting Materials 180 Materials of Importance-Aluminum for Integrated Circuit Interconnects 183 6.7 Other Diffusion Paths 184 6.8 Diffusion in Ionic and Polymeric Materials 184 Summary 187 Equation Summary 188 List of Symbols 189 Important Terms and Concepts 189 References 189 7. Mechanical Properties 190 Learning Objectives 191 7.1 Introduction 191 7.2 Concepts of Stress and Strain 192 Elastic Deformation 196 7.3 Stress-Strain Behavior 196 7.4 Anelasticity 199 7.5 Elastic Properties of Materials 200 Mechanical Behavior-Metals 202 7.6 Tensile Properties 203 7.7 True Stress and Strain 210 7.8 Elastic Recovery after Plastic Deformation 213 7.9 Compressive, Shear, and Torsional Deformations 213 Mechanical Behavior-Ceramics 214 7.10 Flexural Strength 214 7.11 Elastic Behavior 215 7.12 Influence of Porosity on the Mechanical Properties of Ceramics 215 Mechanical Behavior-Polymers 217 7.13 Stress-Strain Behavior 217 7.14 Macroscopic Deformation 219 7.15 Viscoelastic Deformation 220 Hardness and Other Mechanical Property Considerations 224 7.16 Hardness 224 7.17 Hardness of Ceramic Materials 229 7.18 Tear Strength and Hardness of Polymers 230 Property Variability and Design/Safety Factors 231 7.19 Variability of Material Properties 231 7.20 Design/Safety Factors 233 Summary 237 Equation Summary 239 List of Symbols 240 Important Terms and Concepts 241 References 241 8. Deformation and Strengthening Mechanisms 243 Learning Objectives 244 8.1 Introduction 244 Deformation Mechanisms For Metals 244 8.2 Historical 245 8.3 Basic Concepts of Dislocations 245 8.4 Characteristics of Dislocations 247 8.5 Slip Systems 248 8.6 Slip in Single Crystals 250 8.7 Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline Metals 253 8.8 Deformation by Twinning 255 Mechanisms of Strengthening in Metals 256 8.9 Strengthening by Grain Size Reduction 256 8.10 Solid-Solution Strengthening 258 8.11 Strain Hardening 259 Recovery, Recrystallization, and Grain Growth 262 8.12 Recovery 262 8.13 Recrystallization 263 8.14 Grain Growth 267 Deformation Mechanisms For Ceramic Materials 269 8.15 Crystalline Ceramics 269 8.16 Noncrystalline Ceramics 269 Mechanisms of Deformation and For Strengthening of Polymers 270 8.17 Deformation of Semicrystalline Polymers 270 8.18 Factors that Influence the Mechanical Properties of Semicrystalline Polymers 272 Materials of Importance-Shrink-Wrap Polymer Films 275 8.19 Deformation of Elastomers 276 Summary 278 Equation Summary 281 List of Symbols 281 Important Terms and Concepts 281 References 282 9. Failure 283 Learning Objectives 284 9.1 Introduction 284 Fracture 285 9.2 Fundamentals of Fracture 285 9.3 Ductile Fracture 285 9.4 Brittle Fracture 287 9.5 Principles of Fracture Mechanics 289 9.6 Brittle Fracture of Ceramics 298 9.7 Fracture of Polymers 302 9.8 Fracture Toughness Testing 304 Fatigue 308 9.9 Cyclic Stresses 309 9.10 The S-N Curve 310 9.11 Fatigue in Polymeric Materials 315 9.12 Crack Initiation and Propagation 316 9.13 Factors that Affect Fatigue Life 318 9.14 Environmental Effects 320 Creep 321 9.15 Generalized Creep Behavior 321 9.16 Stress and Temperature Effects 322 9.17 Data Extrapolation Methods 325 9.18 Alloys for High-Temperature Use 326 9.19 Creep in Ceramic and Polymeric Materials 327 Summary 327 Equation Summary 330 List of Symbols 331 Important Terms and Concepts 332 References 332 10. Phase Diagrams 333 Learning Objectives 334 10.1 Introduction 334 Definitions and Basic Concepts 334 10.2 Solubility Limit 335 10.3 Phases 336 10.4 Microstructure 336 10.5 Phase Equilibria 336 10.6 One-Component (or Unary) Phase Diagrams 337 Binary Phase Diagrams 338 10.7 Binary Isomorphous Systems 339 10.8 Interpretation of Phase Diagrams 341 10.9 Development of Microstructure in Isomorphous Alloys 345 10.10 Mechanical Properties of Isomorphous Alloys 348 10.11 Binary Eutectic Systems 348 10.12 Development of Microstructure in Eutectic Alloys 354 Materials of Importance-Lead-Free Solders 355 10.13 Equilibrium Diagrams Having Intermediate Phases or Compounds 361 10.14 Eutectoid and Peritectic Reactions 364 10.15 Congruent Phase Transformations 365 10.16 Ceramic Phase Diagrams 365 10.17 Ternary Phase Diagrams 369 10.18 The Gibbs Phase Rule 370 The Iron-Carbon System 372 10.19 The Iron-Iron Carbide (Fe-Fe3C) Phase Diagram 372 10.20 Development of Microstructure in Iron-Carbon Alloys 375 10.21 The Influence of Other Alloying Elements 382 Summary 383 Equation Summary 385 List of Symbols 386 Important Terms and Concepts 386 References 386 11. Phase Transformations 387 Learning Objectives 388 11.1 Introduction 388 Phase Transformations in Metals 388 11.2 Basic Concepts 389 11.3 The Kinetics of Phase Transformations 389 11.4 Metastable Versus Equilibrium States 400 Microstructural and Property Changes in Iron-Carbon Alloys 401 11.5 Isothermal Transformation Diagrams 401 11.6 Continuous-Cooling Transformation Diagrams 412 11.7 Mechanical Behavior of Iron-Carbon Alloys 415 11.8 Tempered Martensite 419 11.9 Review of Phase Transformations and Mechanical Properties for Iron-Carbon Alloys 422 Materials of Importance-Shape-Memory Alloys 425 Precipitation Hardening 428 11.10 Heat Treatments 428 11.11 Mechanism of Hardening 430 11.12 Miscellaneous Considerations 432 Crystallization, Melting, and Glass Transition Phenomena in Polymers 433 11.13 Crystallization 433 11.14 Melting 434 11.15 The Glass Transition 434 11.16 Melting and Glass Transition Temperatures 435 11.17 Factors that Influence Melting and Glass Transition Temperatures 435 Summary 438 Equation Summary 440 List of Symbols 441 Important Terms and Concepts 441 References 441 12. Electrical Properties 442 Learning Objectives 443 12.1 Introduction 443 Electrical Conduction 443 12.2 Ohm's Law 443 12.3 Electrical Conductivity 444 12.4 Electronic and Ionic Conduction 445 12.5 Energy Band Structures in Solids 445 12.6 Conduction in Terms of Band and Atomic Bonding Models 447 12.7 Electron Mobility 449 12.8 Electrical Resistivity of Metals 450 12.9 Electrical Characteristics of Commercial Alloys 453 Materials of Importance-Aluminum Electrical Wires 453 Semiconductivity 455 12.10 Intrinsic Semiconduction 455 12.11 Extrinsic Semiconduction 458 12.12 The Temperature Dependence of Carrier Concentration 461 12.13 Factors that Affect Carrier Mobility 462 12.14 The Hall Effect 466 12.15 Semiconductor Devices 468 Electrical Conduction in Ionic Ceramics and in Polymers 474 12.16 Conduction in Ionic Materials 475 12.17 Electrical Properties of Polymers 475 Dielectric Behavior 476 12.18 Capacitance 476 12.19 Field Vectors and Polarization 478 12.20 Types of Polarization 481 12.21 Frequency Dependence of the Dielectric Constant 483 12.22 Dielectric Strength 484 12.23 Dielectric Materials 484 Other Electrical Characteristics of Materials 484 12.24 Ferroelectricity 484 12.25 Piezoelectricity 485 Material of Importance-Piezoelectric Ceramic Ink-Jet Printer Heads 486 Summary 487 Equation Summary 490 List of Symbols 490 Important Terms and Concepts 491 References 491 13. Types and Applications of Materials 492 Learning Objectives 493 13.1 Introduction 493 Types of Metal Alloys 493 13.2 Ferrous Alloys 493 13.3 Nonferrous Alloys 506 Materials of Importance-Metal Alloys Used for Euro Coins 516 Types of Ceramics 517 13.4 Glasses 518 13.5 Glass-Ceramics 518 13.6 Clay Products 520 13.7 Refractories 520 13.8 Abrasives 523 13.9 Cements 525 13.10 Carbons 526 13.11 Advanced Ceramics 528 Types of Polymers 533 13.12 Plastics 533 Materials of Importance-Phenolic Billiard Balls 536 13.13 Elastomers 536 13.14 Fibers 538 13.15 Miscellaneous Applications 539 13.16 Advanced Polymeric Materials 540 Summary 544 Important Terms and Concepts 547 References 547 14. Synthesis, Fabrication, and Processing of Materials 548 Learning Objectives 549 14.1 Introduction 549 Fabrication of Metals 549 14.2 Forming Operations 550 14.3 Casting 551 14.4 Miscellaneous Techniques 553 Thermal Processing of Metals 554 14.5 Annealing Processes 554 14.6 Heat Treatment of Steels 557 Fabrication of Ceramic Materials 566 14.7 Fabrication and Processing of Glasses and Glass-Ceramics 568 14.8 Fabrication and Processing of Clay Products 573 14.9 Powder Pressing 577 14.10 Tape Casting 579 Synthesis and Fabrication of Polymers 580 14.11 Polymerization 580 14.12 Polymer Additives 583 14.13 Forming Techniques for Plastics 584 14.14 Fabrication of Elastomers 587 14.15 Fabrication of Fibers and Films 587 Summary 588 Important Terms and Concepts 591 References 591 15. Composites 592 Learning Objectives 593 15.1 Introduction 593 Particle-Reinforced Composites 595 15.2 Large-Particle Composites 595 15.3 Dispersion-Strengthened Composites 599 Fiber-Reinforced Composites 599 15.4 Influence of Fiber Length 600 15.5 Influence of Fiber Orientation and Concentration 601 15.6 The Fiber Phase 609 15.7 The Matrix Phase 611 15.8 Polymer-Matrix Composites 611 15.9 Metal-Matrix Composites 617 15.10 Ceramic-Matrix Composites 618 15.11 Carbon-Carbon Composites 620 15.12 Hybrid Composites 620 15.13 Processing of Fiber-Reinforced Composites 621 Structural Composites 623 15.14 Laminar Composites 623 15.15 Sandwich Panels 625 Case Study-Use of Composites in the Boeing 787 Dreamliner 627 15.16 Nanocomposites 628 Summary 631 Equation Summary 633 List of Symbols 634 Important Terms and Concepts 634 References 634 16. Corrosion and Degradation of Materials 635 Learning Objectives 636 16.1 Introduction 636 Corrosion of Metals 637 16.2 Electrochemical Considerations 637 16.3 Corrosion Rates 643 16.4 Prediction of Corrosion Rates 645 16.5 Passivity 651 16.6 Environmental Effects 652 16.7 Forms of Corrosion 653 16.8 Corrosion Environments 660 16.9 Corrosion Prevention 661 16.10 Oxidation 663 Corrosion of Ceramic Materials 666 Degradation of Polymers 666 16.11 Swelling and Dissolution 666 16.12 Bond Rupture 668 16.13 Weathering 670 Summary 670 Equation Summary 672 List of Symbols 673 Important Terms and Concepts 674 References 674 17. Thermal Properties 675 Learning Objectives 676 17.1 Introduction 676 17.2 Heat Capacity 676 17.3 Thermal Expansion 680 Materials of Importance-Invar and Other Low-Expansion Alloys 682 17.4 Thermal Conductivity 683 17.5 Thermal Stresses 686 Summary 688 Equation Summary 689 List of Symbols 690 Important Terms and Concepts 690 References 690 18. Magnetic Properties 691 Learning Objectives 692 18.1 Introduction 692 18.2 Basic Concepts 692 18.3 Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism 696 18.4 Ferromagnetism 698 18.5 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism 699 18.6 The Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior 703 18.7 Domains and Hysteresis 704 18.8 Magnetic Anisotropy 707 18.9 Soft Magnetic Materials 708 Materials of Importance-An Iron-Silicon Alloy that is Used in Transformer Cores 709 18.10 Hard Magnetic Materials 710 18.11 Magnetic Storage 713 18.12 Superconductivity 716 Summary 719 Equation Summary 721 List of Symbols 721 Important Terms and Concepts 722 References 722 19. Optical Properties 723 Learning Objectives 724 19.1 Introduction 724 Basic Concepts 724 19.2 Electromagnetic Radiation 724 19.3 Light Interactions with Solids 726 19.4 Atomic and Electronic Interactions 727 Optical Properties of Metals 728 Optical Properties of Nonmetals 729 19.5 Refraction 729 19.6 Reflection 731 19.7 Absorption 731 19.8 Transmission 735 19.9 Color 735 19.10 Opacity and Translucency in Insulators 737 Applications of Optical Phenomena 738 19.11 Luminescence 738 19.12 Photoconductivity 738 Materials of Importance-Light-Emitting Diodes 739 19.13 Lasers 741 19.14 Optical Fibers in Communications 745 Summary 747 Equation Summary 749 List of Symbols 750 Important Terms and Concepts 750 References 750 20. Economic, Environmental, and Societal Issues in Materials Science and Engineering 751 Learning Objectives 752 20.1 Introduction 752 Economic Considerations 752 20.2 Component Design 753 20.3 Materials 753 20.4 Manufacturing Techniques 753 Environmental and Societal C onsiderations 754 20.5 Recycling Issues in Materials Science and Engineering 756 Materials of Importance-Biodegradable and Biorenewable Polymers/Plastics 761 Summary 763 References 763 Appendix A The International System of Units (SI) 765 Appendix B Properties of Selected Engineering Materials 767 B.1: Density 767 B.2: Modulus of Elasticity 770 B.3: Poisson's Ratio 774 B.4: Strength and Ductility 775 B.5: Plane Strain Fracture Toughness 780 B.6: Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 782 B.7: Thermal Conductivity 785 B.8: Specific Heat 788 B.9: Electrical Resistivity 791 B.10: Metal Alloy Compositions 794 Appendix C Costs and Relative Costs for Selected Engineering Materials 796 Appendix D Repeat Unit Structures for Common Polymers 801 Appendix E Glass Transition and Melting Temperatures for Common Polymeric Materials 805 Appendix F Characteristics of Selected Elements 806 Appendix G Values of Selected Constants, Unit Abbreviations and SI Multiple and Submultiple Prefixes 807 Glossary 808 Index 821 Questions and Problems P-1 Chapter 1 P-1 Chapter 2 P-1 Chapter 3 P-4 Chapter 4 P-12 Chapter 5 P-15 Chapter 6 P-20 Chapter 7 P-26 Chapter 8 P-36 Chapter 9 P-41 Chapter 10 P-47 Chapter 11 P-54 Chapter 12 P-60 Chapter 13 P-66 Chapter 14 P-68 Chapter 15 P-72 Chapter 16 P-76 Chapter 17 P-79 Chapter 18 P-82 Chapter 19 P-85 Chapter 20 P-87 Answers to Selected Problems PA-1

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Sku

CIN1119723671VG

ISBN 13

9781119723677

ISBN 10

1119723671

Title

Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering: An Integrated Approach by William D. Callister

Author

William D. Callister

Condition

Used - Very Good

Binding type

Hardback

Publisher

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Year published

20200728

Number of pages

960

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N/A

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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering William D. Callister

Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering by William D. Callister

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Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering Summary

Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering: An Integrated Approach by William D. Callister

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