Suffering, Suicide and Immortality by Arthur Schopenhauer

Suffering, Suicide and Immortality by Arthur Schopenhauer

One of the greatest philosophers of the nineteenth century, Arthur Schopenhauer is best known for his writings on pessimism. In this 1851 essay collection, he offers concise statements of the unifying principles of his thinking. Schopenhauer, unlike most philosophers, expressed himself in simple, direct terms. These essays offer an accessible approach to his main thesis, as stated in The World as Will and Representation.
Schopenhauer's reasoning encompasses the influence of the Upanishads and Buddhist teachings, as well as the works of Plato and Kant. His philosophy had an enormous impact on contemporary philosophy and literature, and on subsequent thinkers such as Nietzsche, Freud, and Wittgenstein. Published toward the end of his life in a collection called Parerga und Paralipomena, these essays include On the Sufferings of the World, On the Vanity of Existence, On Suicide, Immortality: A Dialogue, Further Psychological Observations, On Education, On Women, and On Noise, plus A Few Parables. They remain among Schopenhauer's most popular works, offering insights into his philosophy as a whole as well as the human condition.

ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER, the famous nineteenth-century Ger-man pessimist who expanded on the ideas of Plato and Immanuel Kant, wrote accessibly, leading his ideas to resonate with both philosophers and artists alike.

The son of Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer and Johanna Hen-riette Troisiener, Arthur was born in Danzig on February 22, 1788, just one month after English Romantic poet George Gor-don, Lord Byron. A middle-class Dutch family involved in inter-national trade, the Schopenhauers chose Arthur as their son's name because the appellation is spelled the same in English, French, and German. Once Prussia annexed Danzig in 1793, the Schopenhauer family moved first to Hamburg, then Arthur spent much of his youth living throughout Europe, learning many lan-guages. Although his father prepared him to inherit the family mercantile business, Arthur Schopenhauer found that the schol-arly life suited him perfectly. After Heinrich's 1805 death, Johanna moved her family from Hamburg to Weimar, where Johanna, an author herself, befriended the writer Johann Wolf-gang von Goethe.

Arthur Schopenhauer enrolled in the University of Gottin-gen and received his doctorate from the University of Jena in 1813. His dissertation, The Fourfold Root of the Principle of Suf-ficient Reason, explored the philosophical assumption that equates reality with rationality. According to Schopenhauer, in order for one to contemplate an explanation for a particular thing, one must assume that there is a subject (oneself) that thinks about the object (thing to be explained). Schopenhauer built his thesis on the work of Kant, who noted that humans can-not transcend themselves and therefore cannot satisfactorily answer metaphysical questions, and G. W. Leibniz, who first defined the principle of sufficient reason, which states that absolutely nothing exists that lacks an adequate reason for its existence.

Schopenhauer's most famous work, the two-volume The World as Will and Representation, sprung from ideas put forth in The Fourfold Root. Schopenhauer's philosophical inquiries led him to embrace a pessimistic worldview--life is a mean-ingless struggle against the irrational impulses of the will. One could find some solace, however, through aesthetic perception, morality, and asceticism. With regard to the first, Schopenhauer considered artistic endeavors to be the communication of Pla-tonic Ideas, with music as the highest of all art forms because of its instant objectification of the will. Schopenhauer's ideas influ-enced many literary figures--including Samuel Beckett, Joseph Conrad, Leo Tolstoy, W. B. Yeats, and Emile Zola--as well as musicians such as Johannes Brahms and Richard Wagner.

In the early 1920s, Schopenhauer began lecturing at the University of Berlin, purposely scheduling his classes concur-rent with those of G. W. F. Hegel. Schopenhauer strongly dis-liked Hegel and his philosophy; the former felt that the latter tried to make up for a lack of content in his works by ensnaring the reader in meaningless jargon.

Schopenhauer left Berlin in 1831 to escape the threat of a cholera epidemic, eventually settling in Frankfurt, where he spent the rest of his life. By the mid-1850s, Schopenhauer gained the recognition that he had longed for when a review of his philosophical work appeared in the Westminster Review, which connected some of Schopenhauer's thought with that of Johann Gottlieb Fichte. Schopenhauer's health gradually dete-riorated in 1860 until he died of natural causes on September 21 in Frankfurt. New editions of most of Schopenhauer's works began to appear in 1873.

Other works by Schopenhauer include On Vision and Col-ors (1816), On the Will in Nature (1836), The Two Fundamen-tal Problems of Ethics (1839-40), Parerga und Paralipomena (1851), and The Wisdom of Life and Counsels and Maxims (1886).

SKU	Unavailable
ISBN 13	9780486447810
ISBN 10	0486447812
Title	Suffering, Suicide and Immortality
Author	Arthur Schopenhauer
Series	Dover Philosophical Classics
Condition	Unavailable
Binding Type	Paperback
Publisher	Dover Publications Inc.
Year published	2006-06-30
Number of pages	112
Cover note	Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.
Note	Unavailable