Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Introduction: To Save is to Sacrifice
Approach
Methodology
What Are Ethics?
Conservation, Welfare, Liberation
Triage and Trade-Offs
Roadmap
Chapter 1: Orangutans and their Conservation
Orangutans: A Natural and Cultural History
Conservation: The Old, the New, and the Ugly
Pancasila and Palm Oil: Conservation in Indonesia
Orangutans as Tourism Mascots: Conservation in Malaysian Borneo
Please Don't Set Up Any More! The NGO Network
Orangutans in the Anthropocene
Chapter 2: Kill, Incarcerate, or Liberate? Alternatives to Reintroduction
Orangutan Reintroduction: Conservation Tool or Cry in the Wilderness?
Replenishing Wild Populations: A Post-Hoc Argument?
Forest Restoration and Protection: Reintroduction as Political Incentive for Conservation
Law Enforcement: Is Trade a Cause of Consequence of Orangutan Endangerment?
Ignoring Displaced Wildlife Breaks the Hearts of People: Educational Benefits of R&R
Freedom isn't Free: The Cost-(In)effectiveness of R&R
Killing
What Counts as Euthanasia?
Personhood and Penance: Orangutan Rights and Human Responsibilities
Sentience and Speciesism: The Ethics of Killing Orangutans Versus Other Species
Incarceration
Surplus and Scarcity: The Practical Problem of Housing Orphaned Orangutans
Where is Home? Orangutans and Nationality
Life of Luxury or Prison? The Welfare Implications of Captivity Versus the Wild
Integrity, Islam, and Independence: Wildness as Inherently Valuable
Weighing Wildness and Welfare
Chapter 3: What is a Rehabilitation Centre? Boundary-Work in Conservation
What's in a Name? The Preference for Rehabilitation Centre Over Sanctuary
To Breed or Not to Breed? Distinguishing Rehabilitation Centres from Zoos
Dehuminization and Dualisms: Defining Wildness
Sustainability and Sacrifice: The Ethics of Wildlife Tourism
A Tenuous Boundary?
A Counter Example: Rehabilitation Centre or Release Site?
Chapter 4: Sense and Sentimentality: Emotion in Environmental Ethics
Eyes and PIEs: The Development of Ethical Stances
Feelings and Facts: The Relationship Between Emotion and Rationality
Selfishness and Sacrifice: Two Specific Worries About Emotion in Orangutan Conservation
Triage and Trouble: More Thought, Not Less Emotion
Chapter 5: No Space on the Ark: Triage in Wildlife Rescue
Selecting Citizens: Sacrifice and Speciesism in Admission Practices
Creating Two Problems, or Solving One? The Dilemma of Translocation
The Sliding Scale
Chapter 6: Wild, Well, or Free? Ethical Debates in Rehabilitation Methods
Motherly or Tough Love? Negotiating Human-Orangutan Boundaries in Rehabilitation
Persevering Purity or Process? Mixing Taxa at Release Sites
Defining Unreleasability: Training, Trauma, and Triage
Wild Abandon(ment): The Challenges of Post-Release Monitoring
The Grey Zone: Healthcare and the Transition to Wildness
Free or Enslaved? Post-Release Feeding and the Question of Free Will
Who is the Expert?
Chapter 7: Bosses, Baddies, and Baby Huggers: The Ethics of Conservation Fundraising
Oversight and Ownership: Relationships with Foundations and Donor-NGOs
Palm Oil and Other Dirty Money
Playing to the Baby Huggers: Cuteness and Commodification
Expertise and Ethics: Two Worries About Fundraising
Chapter 8: The Dark Side: (Un)ethics and Whistleblowing in Conservation
My Orangutan, Your Orangutan: Narratives of Collaboration and Conflict
Public or Private Secrets? The Ethics of Whistleblowing
Should Outsiders Speak Out?
Conclusion: Ethics in the Anthropocene
References
Interviews
Index