First published in 1974, this is not a life of the founder of the science of economics, although it opens with a biographical sketch; nor is it an analysis of The Wealth of Nations, although it contains numerous pointed quotations from it. Rather, it is a presentation of Adam Smith against his background of time and place, eighteenth century Britain on the eve of the Industrial Revolution.

The first chapter consists of documents illustrating life in London: low life be it noted, which is not to say that it is all sordidness and debauchery and crime (though there is plenty of that in evidence) but life as it was lived by the lower orders, whom Adam Smith gratefully recognises as the great body of the people. The last chapter describes the Scotland that Adam Smith knew Kirkaldy, Glasgow and Edinburgh.