Despite the explosion of the new technology in recent years, photography is still based on certain unalterable principles involving light and lenses. This book explains those principles in great detail. It has aimed at all those who use 35mm, medium, and large formats, as well as panoramic cameras. First, the book explains the basic design and operation of photographic lenses and gives an overview of their history. Then closeup and enlarging lenses are described, including details on macro zooms, extension tubes, bellows, diopters, copy lenses, and medical/dental lenses. Telephoto lenses are covered, with ample information on angle of view film formats, aspect ratios, mirror lenses, telezooms, compression, selective focus, and depth of field. The section on wide-angle lenses contains material on various wide-angle focal lengths, fisheye lenses, wide-angle zooms, perspective control, PC-shift lenses, metering problems and action shots. A glossary of photographic terms is included.