Preface ix
Acknowledgements x
Authors' biographies xi
Glossary of terms xii
Unit I What has public health to do with nursing? 1
1 What is public health and why is it relevant to nursing? 2
2 Some historical points of public health 4
3 Determinants of health 6
4 Health improvement and the role of the nurse 8
5 What people think about public health 10
6 How public health is measured: epidemiology 12
7 Public health outcomes and the role of the nurse 14
8 The prevention of premature mortality: screening 16
9 Health surveillance 18
10 Inequalities in health 20
11 Investigations into inequalities in health: reports and reviews 22
12 The relationship between public health and competency standards for registered nurses 24
Unit II What has health promotion to do with nursing? 27
1 Health promotion 28
2 Aspects of health promotion 30
3 Primary and secondary prevention of ill health and health education 1. Cardiovascular disease in men 32
4 Primary and secondary prevention of ill health and health education 2. Children's dental health 34
5 Primary and secondary prevention of ill health and health education 3. Self-harm 36
6 Primary and secondary prevention of ill health and health education 4. Obesity and people with a learning disability 38
7 Tertiary prevention of ill health and health education: cardiovascular disease in men and dental health in children 40
8 Tertiary prevention of ill health and health education: self-harm; obesity in people with a learning disability 42
Unit III Causes of mortality and morbidity 45
1 Different experiences of health through the life course 46
2 Long-term conditions: all ages 48
3 Cardiovascular diseases 50
4 Respiratory diseases 52
5 Cancers 54
6 Child and adolescent mental health 56
7 Depression 58
8 Dementia 60
Unit IV How nurses can work with individual patients to promote health 63
1 Why is behaviour change difficult? 64
2 Models of health behaviour 66
3 Models and theories of behaviour change 68
4 Readiness to change 70
5 Self-efficacy and resilience 72
6 Skills to support behaviour change 74
7 Skills supporting behaviour change. Example 1: Jenna 76
8 Skills supporting behaviour change. Example 2: Rachel 78
9 Further examples of supporting behaviour change: Jenny, Shaheed and Deena 80
Unit V Strategies for working with communities to improve health 83
1 Community health and public health 84
2 Factors that influence the health of communities 86
3 Barriers to the success of community health improvement programmes 88
4 Factors that may promote the success of community health improvement programmes 90
5 Health profiles 92
Unit VI Ethics of public health and health promotion 95
1 Ethical principles 96
2 Nursing and ethics 98
3 Application of ethical principles to public health issues 100
4 The stewardship model 102
5 Acceptable health goals 104
6 Opportunity and choice versus coercion 106
7 Individual versus collective interests in public health strategies 108
8 Individual versus collective interests in public health. Example 1 - Alcohol 110
9 Individual versus collective interests in public health. Example 2 - People with learning disabilities 112
10 Ethical issues in engaging people in conversations about health: an overview 114
Appendix 116
Reference 117
Index 124