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Psychology Robert A. Baron

Psychology By Robert A. Baron

Psychology by Robert A. Baron


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Psychology Summary

Psychology: From Science to Practice by Robert A. Baron

With a strong emphasis on application-without neglecting research and science-this text focuses on helping students use the findings and knowledge of psychology in their own lives and careers.

As the only introductory psychology text written by authors with extensive business experience, this book seeks the ideal balance between psychology's practical and scientific sides. It highlights psychology's scientific nature while simultaneously emphasizing its practical value-how students can actually use and apply the material they read on the job and outside of the classroom. Psychology: From Science to Practice emphasizes three key goals:

* Make it clear to students how they can actually use the findings and knowledge of psychology in their own lives and careers.

* Present psychology as a science.

* Discuss the major findings of psychology without overwhelming students with too much detail.

About Robert A. Baron

Robert A. Baron (Ph.D., Iowa, 1968) is the Dean R. Wellington Professor of Management and Professor of psychology at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He has held faculty appointments at Purdue University, University of Minnesota, University of Texas, University of South Carolina, University of Washington, Princeton University, and Oxford University (Visiting Fellow, 1982). He served as a Program Director at the National Science Foundation(1979-1981), and was appointed as a Visiting Senior Research Fellow by the French Ministry of Research (2001-2002) at the Universite des Sciences Sociales, Toulouse. He has been a Department Chair (1987-1993) and Interim Dean (2001-2002). Baron is a Fellow of both the American Psychological Association and a Charter Fellow of Association for Psychological Science (APS). .

Prof. Baron has published more than one hundred articles and forty chapters in edited volumes. He is the author or co-author of more than forty books including Social Psychology (11th edition.), Behavior in Organizations (9th ed), and Entrepreneurship: A Process Perspective (2nd ed.). Prof. Baron holds three U.S. patents and was founder, President, and CEO of Innovative Environmental Products, Inc. (1993-2000). His current research focuses primarily on the social and cognitive factors that play a role in entrepreneurs' success. He is a long-time runner, and his hobbies include fine wood-working, music and cooking..

Michael J. Kalsher is Associate Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Kalsher served as Chair of the Department of Cognitive Science at Rensselaer from 1997 through 2002. He received his Ph.D. in 1988 from Virginia Tech. Professor Kalsher is a member of both the American Psychological Society and American Psychological Association. He is also a member of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society for which he currently serves as Chair of the Arnold M. Small Safety Lecture series. Professor Kalsher has published more than fifty articles in professional journals, a number of chapters in edited books, and he has given more than one-hundred presentations at professional meetings.

Kalsher's company (Kalsher and Associates, L.L.C.) specializes in applying the principles of psychology to enhance human performance and workplace safety, including providing litigation support (e.g., as an expert witness) in product liability cases. Professor Kalsher's current research interests focus mainly on human factors issues, including development and evaluation of warnings and instructions, allocation of blame for consumer product injuries, and the use of emerging technologies to enhance communications in noisy environments (e.g., tanks, helicopters). Kalsher is along-time runner and his hobbies include making fine wines.

Rebecca A. Henry is currently Visiting Associate Professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. She received her Ph.D. in 1989 from the University of Illinois and was on the faculty in the Department of Psychological Sciences at Purdue University for 14 years. She has published articles in several journals, including Psychological Bulletin, Journal of Applied Psychology, and Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes (OBHDP). Professor Henry supervised over a dozen doctoral and master's students and served as the Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Psychological Sciences at Purdue. While at Purdue she taught several undergraduate and graduate level courses and was honored as the Department's undergraduate teaching award nominee several times.

Professor Henry's research has spanned several topic areas in Industrial/Organizational Psychology, including group decision making, organizational citizenship, and ability testing. She currently serves on the editorial boards of Psychology and Marketing and OBHDP. Her hobbies include music and baking.

Table of Contents

BRIEF TOC (See FULL TOC below)

Chapter 1: Psychology: What It Is...and What It Offers

Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior

Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception: Making Contact with the World Around Us

Chapter 4: States of Consciousness

Chapter 5: Learning: How We're Changed by Experience

Chapter 6: Memory and Cognition: Remembering, Thinking, Deciding, Creating

Chapter 7: Human Development

Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion

Chapter 9: Personality and Intelligence: Understanding Individual Differences

Chapter 10: Health, Stress, and Coping

Chapter 11: Mental Disorders

Chapter 12: Psychological Treatments: Reducing the Pain and Distress of Mental Disorders

Chapter 13: Social Thought and Social Behavior

Chapter 14: Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Understanding Human Behavior at Work

FULL TOC

Preface

Acknowledgements

About the Authors

ONE Psychology: What It Is... and What It Offers

The Field of Psychology: What It Is and How It Started

The Origins of Modern Psychology: Multiple Strands Come Together

Psychology: Grand Issues, Key Perspectives

Key Perspectives in Psychology: The Many Facets of Behavior

Psychology In the Twenty-First Century: Expanding Horizons

Evolutionary Psychology: A New Perspective on Human Nature

The Exportation of Psychology: From Science to Practice

Growing Recognition of Diversity and Commitment to a Multicultural Perspective

Psychology and the Scientific Method

The Scientific Method: Its Basic Nature

Advantages of the Scientific Method: Why Common Sense Often Leads Us Astray

The Scientific Method in Everyday Life: The Benefits of Critical Thinking

Research Methods in Psychology: How Psychologists Answer Questions About Behavior

Observation: Describing the World Around Us

Correlation: The Search for Relationships

The Experimental Method: Knowledge through Systematic Intervention

Psychology: What's In It For You?

Using This Book: An Overview of Its Special Features

Psychology Lends a Hand: How To Study Psychology-or Any Other Subject-Effectively

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

TWO BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR

Neurons: Building Blocks of The Nervous System

Neurons: Their Basic Structure

Neurons: Their Basic Function

Neurotransmitters: Chemical Keys to the Nervous System

The Nervous System: Its Basic Structure and Functions

The Nervous System: Its Major Divisions

The Endocrine System: Chemical Regulators of Bodily Processes

The Brain: Where Consciousness Dwells

The Brain Stem: Survival Basics

The Hypothalamus, Thalamus, and Limbic System: Motivation and Emotion

The Cerebral Cortex: The Core of Complex Thought Two Minds in One Body? Our Divided Brain

How Psychologists Study the Nervous System and the Brain

The Brain and Human Behavior: Where Biology and Consciousness Meet

How the Brain Functions: A Modern View

Plasticity of the Human Brain: How the Brain Is Shaped by Experience

The Brain and Human Speech

Psychology Lends a Hand: The Potential Role of Brain Plasticity in Cognitive Processes

The Brain and Higher Mental Processes

Heredity and Behavior: Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Genetics: Some Basic Principles

Disentangling Genetic and Environmental Effects: Research Strategies

Evolutionary Psychology: Genes in Action

Psychology Lends a Hand: Promoting Prosocial Behavior to Reduce Aggression

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

THREE SENSATION AND PERCEPTION: MAKING CONTACT WITH THE WORLD AROUND US

Sensation: The Raw Materials of Understanding

Sensory Thresholds: How Much Stimulation is Enough?

Sensory Adaptation: It Feels Great Once You Get Used to It!

Vision

The Eye: Its Basic Structure

Light: The Physical Stimulus for Vision

Basic Functions of the Visual System: Acuity, Dark Adaptation, and Eye Movements

Color Vision

Vision and the Brain: Processing Visual Information

Hearing

The Ear: Its Basic Structure

Sound: The Physical Stimulus for Hearing

Pitch Perception

Sound Localization

Touch and Other Skin Senses

Pain: Its Nature and Control

Psychology Goes to Work: The Harmful Effects of Noise: Turn Down the Sound at Work and At Play!

Smell and Taste: The Chemical Senses

Smell and Taste: How They Operate

Smell and Taste: Some Interesting Findings

Kinesthesis and Vestibular Sense

Perception: Putting It All Together

Perception: The Focus of Our Attention

Psychology Lends a Hand: Exceeding the Limits of Our Attention: Why Do Cell Phones Interfere with Driving?

Perception: Some Organizing Principles

Constancies and Illusions: When Perception Succeeds-and Fails

Some Key Perceptual Processes: Pattern and Distance

PSI: Perception Without Sensation?

Psi: What Is It?

Psi: Does It Really Exist?

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

FOUR STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Biological Rhythms: Tides of Life-and Conscious Experience

Circadian Rhythms: Their Basic Nature

Individual Differences in Circadian Rhythms: Are You a Morning Person or a Night Person?

Disturbances in Circadian Rhythms: Jet Lag and Graveyard- or Swing-Shift Work

Psychology Lends a Hand: Coping with Jet Lag and the Blahs of Graveyard-Shift Work: Some Techniques That Can Help

Waking States of Consciousness: From Controlled Processing to...Intuition

Controlled and Automatic Processing: Two Basic Modes of Thought

Intuition: Thought Outside Consciousness Awareness

Sleep: The Pause That Refreshes?

The Basic Nature of Sleep

Why Do We Sleep? The Many Functions of Sleep

Effects of Sleep Deprivation

Sleep Disorders: No Rest for Some of the Weary

Dreams: Now Playing in Your Private, Inner Theater...

Hypnosis: Altered State of Consciousness...Or Social Role Playing?

Hypnosis: How It's Done and Who Is Susceptible to It

Hypnosis: Contrasting Views about Its Nature

But Yet...Evidence That Hypnotism Does Involve More Than Suggestion

Psychology Lends a Hand: Hypnosis: Effective Against Pain?

Consciousness-Altering Drugs: What They Are and What They Do

Consciousness-Altering Drugs: Some Basic Concepts

Consciousness-Altering Drugs: An Overview

Psychology Goes to Work: Drug Testing at Work-What Are Your Rights?

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

FIVE LEARNING: HOW WE'RE CHANGED BY EXPERIENCE

Classical Conditioning: Learning That Some Stimuli Signal Others

Pavlov's Early Work on Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning: Some Basic Principles

Classical Conditioning: The Neural Basis of Learning

Classical Conditioning: Exceptions to the Rules

Classical Conditioning: A Cognitive Perspective

Classical Conditioning: Turning Principles into Action

Operant Conditioning: Learning Based On Consequences

The Nature of Operant Conditioning: Consequential Operations

PSYCHOLOGY LENDS A HAND: Spare the Rod, Spoil the Child? The Wisdom of Using Punishment with Children

Operant Conditioning: Some Basic Principles

Operant Conditioning: A Cognitive Perspective

Applying Operant Conditioning: Solving Problems of Everyday Life

Observational Learning: Learning From the Behavior and Outcomes of Others 184

Observational Learning: Some Basic Principles

Observational Learning and Aggression

Observational Learning and Culture

PSYCHOLOGY GOES TO WORK: Using Behavioral Modeling and Mental Rehearsal to Teach Computer Skills

Observational Learning: Some Practical Applications

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

SIX MEMORY AND COGNITION: REMEMBERING, THINKING, DECIDING, CREATING

Human Memory: How We Remember, Why We Forget

Memory: An Information-Processing Model-and Beyond

Our Different Memory Systems

Memory for Factual Information: Episodic and Semantic Memory

Memory for Skills: Procedural Memory

Forgetting: Largely a Matter of Interference-but What Kind of Interference?

Memory Distortion and Construction: How Memories Are Sometimes Changed-or Created

Memory in Everyday Life: Autobiographical Memory and Memory for Emotions

Psychology Goes To Work: Using Memory Principles to Boost the Fairness, Accuracy, and Favorableness of Your Own Performance Appraisals

Memory and the Brain: Evidence from Memory Impairments and Other Sources

Cognition: Thinking, Deciding, Creating

Psychology Lends a Hand: Improving Your Memory: Some Useful Steps

The Limits of Human Cognition: Why We Aren't-and Can't Be-as Rational as We'd Like

Thinking: The Foundation of Consciousness

Decision Making: Choosing Among Alternatives

Psychology Lends a Hand: Making Good Decisions: Avoiding Major Pitfalls

Creativity: Generating the Extraordinary

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

SEVEN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Physical Growth and Development During Childhood

The Prenatal Period

Prenatal Influences on Development

Physical Development during Our Early Years

Perceptual Development during Childhood

Cognitive Development during Childhood: Changes in Our Ability to Understand the

World around Us

Piaget's Theory: An Overview

Piaget's Theory: A modern Assessment

Beyond Piaget: Children's Theory of Mind And Research on the Information-Processing Perspective

Language: Learning to Communicate

Moral Development: Reasoning about Right and Wrong

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Understanding

Evidence Concerning Kohlberg's Theory

Social Development during Childhood: Forming Relationships with Others

Temperament: Individual Differences in Emotional Style

Attachment: The Beginnings of Love

Siblings and Friends: Key Factors in Social Development

From Gender Identity to Sex Category Constancy: How Children Come to Understand That They are Female or Male

Children's Growing Sophistication With Respect to Gender

Psychology Lends a Hand: Helping Children Avoid the Dangers of Obesity

Gender Development: Contrasting Explanations of How It Occurs

Adolescence: Between Child and Adult

Physical Development during Adolescence

Cognitive Development during Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development during Adolescence

Development during Our Adult Years

Erikson's Theory Revisited: The Crises of Adult Life

Physical Change during Our Adult Years

Cognitive Change during Adulthood

Social and Emotional Development during Adulthood

Death and Bereavement

Meeting Death: Facing the End with Dignity

Bereavement: Coming to Terms with the Death of Loved Ones

Psychology Goes to Work: Choosing a Career: Some Steps That Can Help

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

EIGHT MOTIVATION AND EMOTION

Motivation: The Activation and Persistence of Behavior

Theories of Motivation: Some Major Perspectives

Psychology Lends a Hand: Managing your Own Motivation

Hunger: Regulating Our Caloric Intake

Sexual Motivation: The Most Intimate Motive

Achievement Motivation: The Desire to Excel

Intrinsic Motivation: How, Sometimes, to Turn Play Into Work

Forgiveness: When compassion Replaces the Desire for Revenge

Emotions: Their Nature, Expression, and impact

The Nature of Emotions: Some Contrasting Views

The Biological Basis of Emotions

The External Expression of Emotion: Outward Signs of Inner Feelings

Emotion and Cognition: How Feelings Shape Thought and Thought Shapes Feelings

Subjective Well-Being: Causes and Effects of Personal Happiness

Psychology Lends a Hand: Becoming a Very Happy Person

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

NINE PERSONALITY AND INTELLIGENCE: understanding Individual Differences

Personality: The Essence of What Makes Us Unique

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Messages from The Unconscious

Psychology Lends a Hand:Too Much Freud For Our Own Good? Questioning Freudian Assumptions in Everyday Life

Humanistic Theories: Emphasis on Growth

Trait Theories: Seeking the Key Dimensions of Personality

Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches to Personality

Measuring Personality

Modern Research on Personality: Beyond Grand Theories

Psychology Goes to Work: Taking, Not Faking, Employment Tests

Intelligence: The Nature of Cognitive Abilities

Intelligence: Contrasting Views of Its Nature

Measuring Intelligence

The Cognitive and Neural Bases of Intelligence

Intelligence: Heredity, Environment, and Group Differences

Emotional Intelligence: The Feeling Side of Intelligence

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

TEN HEALTH, STRESS, AND COPING

Health Psychology: An Overview

Stress: Its Causes, Effects, and Control

Stress: Its Basic Nature

Stress: Some Major Causes

Stress: Some Major Effects

Psychology Goes to Work: Job Stress:What Can You Do to Control It

Understanding and Communicating Our Health Needs

Health Beliefs: When Do We Seek and Listen to Medical Advice?

Doctor -Patient Interactions: Why Can't We Talk to Our Doctors?

Behavioral and Psychological Correlates of Illness: The Effects of Thoughts and Actions on Health

Smoking: Risky for you and Everyone around You

Psychology Lends a Hand: What Are the Risks of Long-Term Cell Phone Use: Can You Hear Me Now

Diet and Nutrition: What You Eat May Save Your Life

Alcohol Consumption: Here's to your Health?

AIDS: A Major Assault on Public Health

Emotions and Health

Promoting Wellness: Developing a Healthier Lifestyle

Primary Prevention: Decreasing the Risks of Illness

Secondary Prevention: The Role of Early Detection in Disease and Illness

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

ELEVEN MENTAL DISORDERS: WHEN BEHAVIOR GOES OVER THE EDGE

Assessment and Diagnosis: The DSM-IV-TR and Other Tools

Psychological Assessment: Other Techniques for Measuring Mental Disorders

Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Disruptive Behavior and Attention Deficit Disorders

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Feeding and Eating Disorders

Autism: A Pervasive Developmental Disorder

Mood Disorders: The Downs and Ups of Life

Depressive Disorders: Probing the Depths of Despair

Bipolar Disorders: Riding the Emotional Roller-Coaster

The Causes of Depression: Its Biological and Psychological Roots

Psychology Lends a Hand:Stop Running-and Feel Better

Anxiety Disorders: When Dread Debilitates

Phobias: Excessive Fear of Specific Objects or Situations

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Behaviors and Thoughts Outside One's Control

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Dissociative and Somatoform Disorders

Dissociative Disorders

Somatoform Disorders: Physical Symptoms without Physical Causes

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Sexual Dysfunctions: Disturbances In Desire and Arousal

Paraphillas: Disturbances in Sexual Object or Behavior

Gender Identity Disorders

Psychology Goes to Work:Abusive Supervisors and How to Deal with

Personality Disorders: Traits That Harm

Schizophrenia: Losing Touch with Reality

The Nature of Schizophrenia

The Onset and Course of Schizophrenia

Causes of Schizophrenia

Substance-Related Disorders

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

TWELVE Psychological Treatments: Reducing the Pain and Distress of Mental Disorders

Psychotherapies: The Therapeutic Alliance as the Foundation for Psychological Treatments

Psychodynamic Therapies: From Repression to Insight

Phenomenological/Experiential Therapies: Emphasizing the Positive

Behavior Therapies: Mental Disorders and Faulty Learning

Cognitive Therapies: Changing Disordered Thought

Computer and Internet-Based Therapies

Psychological Treatments and Diversity: A Multicultural Approach to Combating Mental Disorders

Alternatives to Individual Psychotherapy: Group Therapies

Marital Therapy: When Spouses Are Seen as the Enemy

Family Therapy: Changing Patterns That Harm

Psychology Goes to Work: Employee Assistance Programs-A Helping Hand from Your Company

Biological Therapies

Drug Therapy: The Pharmacological Revolution

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Psychosurgery: From Lobotomies to Brain Implants

Psychological Treatments: Are They Effective?

Are Some Forms of Psychological Treatment More Successful Than Others?

Why Are Different Types of Therapy Effective?

Psychology Lends a Hand: Choosing a Therapist-Some Do's and Don'ts

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

THIRTEEN SOCIAL THOUGHT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

Social Thought: Thinking About Other People

Nonverbal Communication: Unspoken Clues to Others' Moods and Reactions

Psychology Lends a Hand: How to Tell When Another Person is Lying

Attribution: Understanding the Causes of Others' Behavior

Social Cognition: How We Process Social Information

Attitudes: Evaluating the Social World

Social Behavior: Interacting with Others

Prejudice: Distorted Views of the Social World...and Their Effects

Psychology Goes To Work:Prejudice in Work Settings: The Forms It Takes and What Companies are Doing to Combat It

Social Influence: Changing Others' Behavior

Attraction...And Love

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

FOURTEEN INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR AT

Selection: Hiring the Best Person for the Job

Job Analysis: Assessing the Requirements for the Job

Developing Selection Techniques: Validity, Utility, and Fairness

Assessing Job Applicants: Interviews, Tests, and More

Training: Helping Employees Acquire Relevant Skills

Needs Analysis: Assessing What Skills Need to Be Trained

Program Development: Designing a Training Method

Evaluating Training Effectiveness: More Than Just Learning

Performance Appraisal: Identifying Employee Strengths and Weaknesses

Why Performance Appraisal is Unpopular, Yet Essential

Supervisors are Human, Too: Errors, Biases and Memory Lapses

Psychology Lends a Hand: How to Give Feedback to Coworkers

Work Motivation: Encouraging Employees to Do Their Best

Job Satisfaction: Are Happy Workers Productive Workers?

Organizational Citizenship & Retaliation: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Creating a Satisfying Work Environment: The Essential Role of Fairness

Leadership: From Supervisors to CEOs

Leader Characteristics: How Effective Leaders Are Different From Others

Leadership in Context: How the Work Setting Influences Leaders

Transformational Leadership: Encouraging and Inspiring Others

Psychology Lends a Hand: How to Become a More Transformational Leader

Teamwork: The Challenges of Collaborative Work

Team Composition: Deciding Who Should Work with Whom

Managing Conflict: The Benefits of Some Forms of Disagreement

Encouraging Cooperation over Competition

Summary and Review of Key Questions

Key Terms

Psychology: Understanding Its Findings

Making Psychology Part of Your Life

MyPsychLab

Study Guide

Glossary

References

Answer Key

Name Index

Subject Index

Credits

Additional information

GOR013632294
9780205516186
0205516181
Psychology: From Science to Practice by Robert A. Baron
Used - Good
Paperback
Pearson Education (US)
2007-02-14
672
N/A
Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.
This is a used book - there is no escaping the fact it has been read by someone else and it will show signs of wear and previous use. Overall we expect it to be in good condition, but if you are not entirely satisfied please get in touch with us

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