The beauty of the California landscape is integral to its place in the imagination of generations of people around the world. In this book, geographer Don Mitchell looks at the human costs associated with this famous scenery. Through an account of the labour history of the state, Mitchell examines the material and ideological struggles over living and working conditions that played a large part in the construction of the contemporary California landscape. The lie of the land examines the way the California landscape was built on the backs of migrant workers, focusing on migratory labour and agribusiness before World War II. The book relates the historical geography of California to the processes of labour that made it, discussing not only significant strikes but also on the everyday existence of migrant workers in the labour camps, fields, and Hoovervilles where they lived. Michell places class struggle at the heart of social development, demonstrating concretely how far workers affected their social material environment, as well as exploring how farm owners responded to their workers' efforts to improve their living and working conditions. Mitchell also places reformers in context, revealing the actual nature of their role in relation to migrant workers' efforts - that of undermining the struggle for genuine social change. in addition, this volume captures the significance of the changing composition of the agricultural workforce, particularly in racial terms, as the class struggle evolved over a period of decades. Mitchell has written a narrative history that describes the intimate connection between landscape representation and the material form of geography. This book places people squarely in the middle of the landscapes they inhabit, shedding light on the complex and seemingly contradictory interactions between progressive state agents, radical workers, and California growers as they seek to remake the land in their own image.