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Part 1 An overview of biochemistry and bioenergetics: cells and biomolecules; thermodynamics in biochemistry. Part 2 Protein structure and function: structure and function of water; the building blocks of proteins - amino acids, peptides, and polypeptides; the three-dimensional structure of proteins; functional diversity of proteins - haemoglobin and the actin-myosin complex; methods of characterization and purification of proteins. Part 3 Catalysis: enzyme kinetics; mechanisms of enzyme catalysis; regulation of enzyme activities; vitamins and coenzymes. Part 4 Metabolism of carbohydrates: metabolic strategies; structures of sugars and energy storage polysaccharides; glycosis, gluconeogensis;, and the pentose phosphate pathway; the tricarboxylic acid cycle; electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation; photosynthesis; structures and metabolism of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Part 5 Metabolism of lipids: structure and function of biological membranes; mechanisms of membrane transport; metabolism of fatty acids; biosynthesis of membrane lipids; metabolism of cholesterol. Part 6 Metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds: amino acid biosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in plants and microorganisms; amino acid metabolism in vertebrates; nucleotides; integration of metabolism and hormone action; neurotransmission; vision. Part 7 Storage and utilization of genetic information: structures of DNA and nucleoproteins; DNA replication, repair, and recombination; DNA manipulation and its applications; RNA structures and metabolism; protein synthesis, targeting, and turnover; regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes; regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes; immunobiology; carcinogenesis and oncogenes; the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).